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funda of nurs ch 15
Fundamentals of nursing 8e ch 15 complete
Question | Answer |
---|---|
define steps of critical thinking | involves recognizing that an issue exists, analyzing info about issue, eval info & making conclusion (it is the core of nursing competency) |
define evidence based knowledge | is knowledge based on research or clinical experience |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker in truth seeking | seek true meaning of situation |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker in open mindedness | be tolerant of different views & one's own prejudices |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker analyticity | anticipate possible results or consequences |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker systematicity | be organized |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker self confidence | trust in your own reasoning processes |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker inquisitiveness | be eager to acquire and new knowledge & value learning |
identify the concepts & behaviors of a critical thinker maturity | reflect on your own judgments |
the 3 levels of critical thinking are | basic, complex & commitment |
briefly describe the critical thinking level for basic thinking | the learner trusts that experts have the right answers for every problem; thinking is concrete & based on a set of rules or principles |
briefly describe the critical thinking level for complex thinking | learners begin to separate themselves from experts & analyze & examine choices more independently, look beyond |
briefly describe the critical thinking level for commitment | learners anticipate the need to make choices without assistance from others & accept accountability |
focuses on problem resolution | decision making |
process for drawing conclusion from related pieces of evidence | inference |
systematic ordered approach to gathering data & solving problems | scientific method |
obtain information & use info plus what you already know to find solution | Problem solving |
5 step clinical decision making approach | Nursing process |
careful reasoning so the best options are chosen for the best outcomes | clinical decision making |
determining a patient's health status after you have assigned meaning to behavior & symptoms presented | Diagnostic reasoning |
list the 5 components of critical thinking | knowledge base, experience, critical thinking competencies, attitudes, standards |
refer to policy & procedure manual to review steps of a skill | responsibility |
explore & learn more about a patient to make appropriate clinical judgments | curiosity |
speak with conviction & always be prepared to perform care safely | confidence |
be cautious of an easy answer; look for a pattern & find solution | perseverance |
be willing to recommend alternative to nursing care | risk taking |
look for different approaches if interventions are not working | creativity |
read nursing literature | think independently |
take time to be thorough & manage your time effectively | discipline |
do not compromise nursing standards or honesty in delivering nursing care | integrity |
listen to both sides in any discussion | fairness |
a continuous process characterized by open-mindedness, continual inquiry, and perseverance, combined with a willingness to look at each unique patient situation and determine which identified assumptions are true and relevant | critical thinking |
recognize when you need more information to make a decision | humility |
2 standards used in critical thinking model are | intellectual & professional |
explain the critical thinking standard intellectual used in the critical thinking model | it is a guideline or principle for rational thought |
explain the critical thinking standard professional used in the critical thinking model | refers to evidence based ethical criteria for nursing judgments used for evaluation & criteria for professional responsibility |
define reflective journaling in developing critical thinking skills | is the process of purposefully thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning |
define concept mapping in developing critical thinking skills | is a visual presentation of patient problems & interventions that show their relationship to one another |
clinical decision making requires the nurse to ___ & why: a) follow the HC providers orders for patient care or B) establish & weight criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy for a patient | establish & weigh criteria in deciding the best choice of therapy b/c it involves recognizing issue exists, analyzing info, eval info & making conclusion |
the nurse observes the clinical situation, asks questions, considers what she knows about postoperative pain and risk for immobility, and takes action. The nurse applies | critical thinking |
Which is not one of the 5 steps of the nursing process: planning, evaluation, assessment, hypothesis testing; & why | hypothesis & testing b/c the 5 steps are assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention & evaluation |
Gathering, verifying, & communicating data about patient to establish a data base is an example of which component of the nursing process: planning, eval, assessment, implementation, nursing diagnosis & why | assessment b/c it is identifying a patient's health care needs |
completing nursing actions needed to accomplish a care plan is an example of which component of the nursing process & why: planning, eval, assessment, implementation, diagnosis | implementation b/c you are implementing nursing actions |
using this knowledge based on research or clinical expertise that makes you an informed critical thinker you are using | evidence based knowledge |
involves recognizing that an issue (e.g., patient problem) exists, analyzing information about the issue (e.g., clinical data about a patient), evaluating information (reviewing assumptions and evidence) and making conclusions | critical thinking |
considers what is important in each clinical situation, imagines and explores alternatives, considers ethical principles, and makes informed decisions about the care of patients | a critical thinker |
Critical thinking is a way of thinking about a situation that always asks | Why, What am I missing; What do I really know about this patient's situation and “What are my options |
componenets of critical thinking are | experience, competencies, attitudes & standards |
a way to solve problems using reasoning; a systematic, ordered approach to gathering data & solving prob; looks for truth or verifies facts agrees w/reality. Nurse researchers use when testing research questions in nursing practice situations | the scientific method |
What are the five steps of scientific method | Identifying the problem, Collecting data, Formulating a question or hypothesis, Testing the question or hypothesis, Evaluating results of the test or study |
a product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution; Following a set of criteria helps to make it thorough and thoughtful | decision making |
Process involving critical appraisal of information that results from recognizing a problem and ends with generating, testing, and evaluating a conclusion. Comes at the end of critical thinking. | decision making |
Methodical, systematic approach to explore conditions and develop solutions, including analysis of data, determination of causative factors, and selection of appropriate actions to reverse or eliminate the problem. | problem solving |
Codified sequence of steps used in the formulation, testing, evaluation, and reporting of scientific ideas. | scientific method |
Knowledge that is derived from the integration of best research, clinical expertise, and patient values. | evidenced based knowledge |
Active, purposeful, organized, cognitive process used to carefully examine one's thinking and the thinking of other individuals. | critical thinking |
Process that enables an observer to assign meaning to and classify phenomena in clinical situations by integrating observations and critical thinking. | diagnostic reasoning |
once you recieve info about a patient this process begins; It is the analytical process for determining a patient's health problems | diagnostic reasoning |
this requires you to assign meaning to the behaviors & physical signs & symptoms presented by a patient; begins when you interact with a patient or make physical or behavioral observations. | diagnostic reasoning |
Nurses do not make medical diagnoses, but they do assess & monitor patients closely & compare signs & symptoms w/those that are common to a medical diagnosis; helps HC providers pinpoint the nature of a problem more quickly & select proper therapies | diagnostic reasoning |
the process of drawing conclusions from related pieces of evidence & previous experience w/the evidence; involves forming patterns of information from data before making a diagnosis | inference |
Problem-solving approach that nurses use to define patient problems and select appropriate treatment. | clinical decision making |
(1) Judgment or interpretation of informational cues. (2) Taking one proposition as a given and guessing that another proposition follows. | inference |
Process that enables an observer to assign meaning to and classify phenomena in clinical situations by integrating observations and critical thinking. | diagnostic reasoning |
requires careful reasoning (i.e., choosing the options for the best patient outcomes on the basis of the patient's condition and the priority of the problem). | clinical dicision making |
competency when delivering patient care; a five-step clinical decision-making approach: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation; Purpose is to diagnose & treat human responses to actual or potential health problems | Nursing Process |
Systematic problem-solving method by which nurses individualize care for each patient | nursing process |
The five steps assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation are part of the | Nursing Process |
according to the critical thinking model are five components of critical thinking for nurses to make clinical judgments | knowledge base, experience, critical thinking competencies (with emphasis on the nursing process), attitudes, and standards |
As a nurse your knowledge base includes information and theory from the basic | sciences, humanities, behavioral sciences, and nursing. |
11 Critical thinking attitudes are guidelines for how to approach a problem or decision-making situation. Knowing when you need more info, when info is misleading, & recognizing your own knowledge limits are examples of | how critical thinking attitudes guide decision making |
The 11 attitudes in critical thinking are | Confidence, Independence, Fairness, Responsibility, Risk taking, Discipline, Perseverance, Creativity, Curiosity, Integrity, Humility |
Intellectual standards in critical thinking are | Clear, Precise, Specific, Accurate, Relevant, Plausible, Consistent, Logical, Deep, Broad, Complete, Significant, Adequate (for purpose), Fair |
Critical thinking competencies in the nursing process are | General critical thinking, Specific critical thinking, Specific critical thinking in nursing: nursing process |
Critical thinking component; Professional standards are | Ethical criteria for nursing judgment, Criteria for evaluation, Professional responsibility |
is the process of purposefully thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning. It is like rewinding a videotape. | reflection |
playing back a situation in your head & taking time to honestly review everything you remember about it. | reflection |
is a conscious process of thinking, analyzing, & learning from your work situations by way of journaling or regularly meeting with colleagues to explore work situations and self-evaluate | reflection |
Reflective journal writing is a tool for developing | critical thought and reflection by clarifying concepts. |
Reflective writing your back situations gives you the opportunity to define and express the clinical experience in your own words | reflective journaling |
The use of a reflective journal improves your | observation and descriptive skills |
Process of thinking back or recalling an event to discover the meaning and purpose of that event. Useful in critical thinking | reflection |
a visual representation of patient problems & interventions shows their relationships to one another; a nonlinear picture of a patient that can then be used for comprehensive care planning | concept map |
The primary purpose of concept mapping is to better | synthesize relevant data about a patient, including assessment data, nursing diagnoses, health needs, nursing interventions, and evaluation measures |
Care-planning tool that assists in critical thinking and forming associations between a patient's nursing diagnoses and interventions. | concept map |