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Image Production II
Photograpic Factors - Contrast
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the formula for the photographic effect? | mA(time)(kVp2) / (distance in cm) 2 |
| 1" = ? cm | 2.54 |
| The greatest photographic effect(most density) will be the technique with the _____ number. | highest number |
| The least photographic effect will be the technique with the ____ number. | lowest |
| - this is the result of the absortion of radiation by the patient ( we have control over this) | subject contrast |
| - is the inherent in the film itself and processing time and temp (processing) | film contrast |
| -precentage of difference btwn the extreme blacks and whites on the radiograph | contrast |
| What is the controlling factor of contrast? | kVP |
| High contrast = _____ scale of contrast | short |
| High contrast is produced by ___ kVp. | low |
| long wavelength / ____ frequency = high contrast | low |
| ____ wavelength / high frequency = low contrast | short |
| When the kVp is increased, what happens to the kinetic energy of the projectile electron? | increases |
| Reducing scatter radiation, ____ contrast | increases |
| Increasing collimation, has what effect on contrast? | increases |
| Going from 5:1 grid to an 8:1 gride has what effect on contrast? | increases |
| Going from table top to bucky, has what effect on contrast? | increases |
| Which has higher contrast 200 or 400 speed? | 400 |
| Which will produce high contrast, reg speed screen or extremity cassette? | reg speed screen |
| How much of a change in processing time or temp is require to affect contrast? | 2 sec / 2 deg |
| Increasing the OID is also known as what technique? | air gap |
| What kind of contrast is found in chest/abdomen? | low |
| Positive contrast media appears how on the image? | white / clear |
| This type of contrast media increases the atomic num of the body? | positive contrast media |
| What are examples of positive contrast media? | iodinated media and barium |
| Negative contrast media appears how on the image? | dark/black |
| - decreases the atomic number of the body | negative contrast media |
| what are examples of negative contrast media? | room air, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide |
| Which type of contrast helps to visualize small mucosal lesions? | double contrast |
| What three things do NOT affect contrast? | SID, mAs, FSS |
| -a sheet of metal through which the x-rays must pass before striking the object to be examined or trated | filter |
| -inherent plus added filtration | total filtration |
| built in... the filtration made possible by the glass envelope, and the cooling off which the beam must pass | inherent |
| - any additional filtration one puts in the path of the beam | added |
| What effect does filtration have on pt skin dose? | reduces |
| How does filtration affect the beam? | increases the hardness ( quality) |
| What is the most commonly used metal for a filter? | aluminum |
| increasing filtration will have what effect on the radiation output from the tube? | decrease |
| increasing filtration will have what affect on density? | decrease |
| increasing filtration will have what effect on contrast? | increase |
| What 3 main factors will increase the penetrating power (hardness/quality) of the x-ray beam | increasing the kVp, atomic # of the filter and increasing the thickness of the filter |
| What describes the hardness, pentrating ability or quality of the beam? | HVL |
| -for uniform density of the mediastinum and the lung, what type of filter is used? | trough filter |
Created by:
erikasmith28
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