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RAD160 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Method for demonstrating mandible with chewing motion? | Ottonello |
| What occurs in the duodenum? | absorption & digestion |
| How do you adjust technique when breathing during lateral t-spine? | lower mA, longer time |
| What spinal region has transverse foramen? | cervical |
| What is the function of the transverse foramen? | transmission of blood vessels & veins |
| The z-joints of the l-spine form what angle with MSP? | 30-50 |
| MCP forms what angle to IR for oblique t-spine? What about MSP? | 70 degrees; 20 degrees |
| The duodenum joins the jejunum at what flexure? | duodenaljejunal flexure |
| Inflammation of gallbladder? | cholecystitis |
| Which projections can use a breathing technique? 1) oblique sternum 2) lateral sternum 3) lateral t-spine | 1&3 |
| Mucosa of small intestine has fingerlike projections called? | villi |
| Open mouth c-spine demonstrates what joint? | atlantoaxial |
| AP oblique SI joints requires how much rotation? | 25-30 degrees |
| How and where is CR directed for AP oblique SI joints? | perpendicular, 1" medial to elevated ASIS |
| What organ secretes the most potent digestive enzymes? | pancreas |
| What is the cluster of blood capillaries in a nephron? | glomerulus |
| Routine oblique used for sternum? | RAO |
| How many pairs of true ribs? | 7 |
| Another name of xiphoid process? | ensiform |
| Concave medial border of kidney? | hilum |
| Flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the respiratory system? | epiglottis |
| Where do you center for lateral l-spine? | between ASIS & crest |
| How many layers in the stomach wall? | 4 |
| What allows the stomach to expand? | rugae |
| What is the likely cause of pain in RLQ? | appendicitis |
| Obstruction of the common bile duct causes? | jaundice |
| The common hepatic & cystic ducts unite to form what? | common bile duct |
| What is the most proximal portion of the large intestine? | cecum |
| What positions demonstrate the right colic flexure? | RAO & LPO |
| What structure prevents gastric reflux? | lower esophageal sphincter |
| What immobilization device is most commonly used? | pillow or sponge |
| What projection best demonstrates the z-joints of the c-spine? | lateral |
| What landmark is at the first sacral segment? | ASIS |
| How should the arms be positioned for lateral t-spine? | at a right angle to the body |
| What is the expanded terminal esophagus? | cardiac antrum |
| How long is the average small intestine? | 22 feet |
| What projection & position would be used for pain in the right anterior ribs? | PA in LAO |
| What does the sacrum articulate with laterally? | ilium |
| How is the retention balloon inflated during BE? | by radiologist using fluoro |
| Where is the IR centered for PA stomach & duodenum? | inferior costal margin (L1-L2) |
| What projection would demonstrate a fracture of C6? | lateral |
| What is the average degree of obliquity for l-spine? | 45 degrees |
| What hormone lowers blood glucose? | insulin |
| What is the function of the liver? | formation of bile |
| What is the first projection done for c-spine on trauma patients? | cross-table lateral |
| What are the folds of the peritoneum? | omenta & mesentery |
| What is the rotation for PA oblique stomach & duodenum? | 40-70 degrees |
| What is the rotation for AP oblique stomach? | 30-60 degrees |
| What does Hirschprungs disease affect? | colon (large intestine) |
| What is the outer portion of an intervertebral disk? The inner portion? | annulis fibrosis; nucleus pulposus |
| Where is IR centered for decubitus of large intestine? | at crest |
| Where does the common bile duct empty into? | duodenum |
| What position is used for enema insertion? | Sims |
| How many upper ribs are seen in the lung field? | 10 |
| What is the rotation for PA oblique of large intestine? | 35-45 degrees |
| What are intervertebral foramina formed by? | pedicles of adjacent vertebrae |
| What is another name for chewing? | mastication |
| What are common reactions to contrast? | warmth & flushing |
| Where is IR centered for oblique l-spine? | 1.5" above crest, 2" medial to elevated ASIS |
| What position is used to demonstrate lower ureters? | Trendelenburg 15-20 degrees |
| Why does food move from mouth to anus? | peristalsis |
| CCK regulates secretion of what? | bile |
| Where does CR enter for AP sacrum? | 2" above symphysis |
| What are the functions of the stomach? | chemical breakdown and storage of food |
| Where does the appendix attach to? | cecum |
| What are the 11th & 12th ribs? | floating |
| What does bifid mean? | forked |
| How many sections are in the small intestine? | 3 |
| What produces bile & secretes it into the hepatic ducts? | liver |
| What modality has replaced x-rays for skull trauma? | CT |
| What is the inner portion of the sac covering the abdominal organs? | visceral peritoneum |
| Why do a left lateral decubitus of abdomen? | to show air/fluid levels |
| What controls the opening between the stomach & duodenum? | pyloric sphincter |
| How and where is CR directed for AP coccyx? | 10 degrees caudad @ 2" above symphysis |
| What projection shows the axillary ribs? | oblique |
| What secretes CCK? | wall of duodenum |
| What is demonstrated in RPO position of l-spine? | z-joints of right side |
| Failure of the lamina to unite is called? | spine ibifida |
| How many costal cartilages are attached to the sternum? | 7 |
| Flexion & extension laterals of the spine demonstrate what? | range of motion |
| If the patient is prone, what is the CR angle for the coccyx? | 10 degrees cephalad |
| Where is the CR directed for PA oblique of large intestine? | @ level of crest on elevated side, 1-2" lateral to MSP |
| Where are the ureters in relation to the peritoneum? | posterior |
| What are reasons not to use compression during IVU? | colostomy & aneurysm |
| What is the rotation for AP oblique urethrogram? | 35-40 degrees |
| The ampulla of Vater & sphincter of Oddi are located by the common bile duct and what else? | duodenum |
| What are functions of the gallbladder? | store & concentrate bile |
| How & where is CR directed for PA oblique c-spine? | 15-20 degrees caudad @ C4 |
| Where do you center for lateral sacrum? | @ level of ASIS, 3" posterior |
| What are functions of small bowel? | digestion & absorption |
| During BE on 35x43cm IR, where do you center for AP, PA & Oblique? | @ crest |
| What is an exam of the biliary ducts? | cholangiography |
| Where is the IR positioned for AP abdomen in supine position? | @ crest |
| How is degree of obliquity for sternum determined? | by diameter of chest |
| What are functions of large intestine? | elimination of waste & reabsorption of fluid |
| The 8th, 9th & 10th ribs are? | false |
| Where should you center for an x-ray of the small intestine within 30 minutes of contrast ingestion? | 2" above crest |
| What allows food to enter the stomach from the esophagus? | lower esophageal sphincter |
| The pyloric sphincter is located between what? | stomach & duodenum |
| What projection shows the lateral masses of c-spine? | open-mouth |
| Where is IR centered for AP abdomen in upright position? | 2" above crest |
| What is rotation for PA oblique esophagus? | 35-40 degrees |
| What membrane resembles an apron over the abdomen? | omenta |
| What are advantages of the recumbent position for esophagus? | shows esophageal varices, allows contrast to coat proximal portion |
| What are functions of the spleen? | produce lymphocytes, store RBCs |
| What is the CR angulation for AP axial of lumbosacral junction? | 30-35 degrees cephalad |
| What is the deep depression on the anterior sternum? | jugular notch |
| What is the distal common bile sphincter? | choledochal |
| How many minutes does it take for contrast to reach the pelvicalyceal system? | 2-8 minutes |
| What is the canal connecting the nasopharynx & middle ear? | internal auditory canal |
| What landmark corresponds to the floor of the cranium? | supraorbital groove |
| What gland is demonstrated if contrast is injected into the Stensen's duct? | parotid |
| The perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone articulates with what? | vomer |
| How many salivary glands are there? | 6 |
| How can you check for rotation in lateral skull? | rami of mandible should be superimposed |
| If OML is perpendicular to the IR & CR is 15 degrees cephalad, what projection is it? | AP (Caldwell) |
| What projection demonstrates facial bones & zygomatic arches? | Waters method |
| How is CR directed for axiolateral oblique mandible with the patient lateral? | 25 degrees cephalad |
| If the foramen magnum is not seen on AP axial (Towne), how should you adjust? | increase caudal angle of CR |
| What structure is in front of petrous pyramids on SMV skull? | mandible |
| What projection shows a blowout fracture of the orbit? | PA modified Waters |
| What projection shows the occipital bone? | AP axial (Towne) |
| What is another name for bregma? | anterior fontanel |
| What are shows the sphenoid strut? | orbit |
| What demonstrates mastoid air cells in lateral? | Law |
| What is the small gland in the midline of the brain that is calcified in adults? | pineal |
| What bone forms a major part of the hard palate? | maxilla |
| How & where is CR directed for PA axial during BE? | 30-40 degrees caudal, exiting ASIS |
| How & where is CR directed for AP axial c-spine? | 15-20 degrees cephalad @ C4 |
| How much should CR be angled for Swimmers method if shoulder cannot be depressed? | 3-5 degrees caudad |
| What is the range of rotation for l-spine obliques? What is average? | 30-50 degrees; 45 degrees |
| How much is CR angled if spine is not horizontal for lateral l-spine? | 5 degrees for males, 8 degrees for females |
| What is degree of rotation for AP oblique SI joints? | 25-30 degrees |
| How and where is CR directed for AP axial sacrum? | 15 degrees cephalad, 2" above symphysis |
| How and where is CR directed for lateral sacrum? | perpendicular @ level of ASIS, 3.5" posterior |
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SCash21
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