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Study Guide MC2010
Pharmacology Final Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the three systems of measurements used in pharmacology | - metric - apothecary - household |
| the most common, fastest and accurrate system of measurement | the metric system |
| hte "system(S)" is based on | the decimal system |
| what number is the basic units of weight and volume in the metric system are based on ??? | the number 10 |
| what is the apothecary system ?? | - oldest system of measurtement used |
| what does the apothecary system uses??? | - FOR VOLUME: minims, fl dr, fl oz, pints, quatrts and gl - FOR WEIGHT: grains, drams, oz, lbs |
| what does the apothecary system uses to indicate the amount of drugs??? | uses roman numerals |
| what are the "basic units" of the metric system | g, L, m (grams, liters, meters) |
| what system is used in most American homes??? | the household system |
| what milliequivalents are??? | measurements used to indicate the strength of certain drugs |
| what is a unit??? | the amount of medication required to produce a specific effect |
| how vitamins are measured??? | in standarsized units called "International Units" |
| how medications are ususally ordered ??? | in metric systems amounts (g, mg, L, mL) |
| the two common scales for temeperature??? | Celsius and Farenheit |
| what is a "dose"??? | amount a patient takes for the intended therapeutic effect |
| what factors contribute to determining the dose and dosage regimen | - potency of drug (drug strength) - route of admon. - pt WT - state of disease - tolerance |
| what are prophylactic drugs used for??? | to prevent disease |
| what is a therapeutic dose??? | is given to treat an "ongoing" disease |
| whose responsability it is to ensure the pt receives the proper dose | everyone in the healthcare facility or every healthcare professional :) |
| what is a "dosage ordered"?? | the "total" amount or ordered drug, along w/ frequency to be administered |
| what is "dosage strenght"??? | dose on "hand", per dosage "unit" |
| what is a "dosage unit"?? | "volume" of medication that contains a "quantity" of a drug as listed on the drug label |
| what is the first step when "computing a medication"???? | to make sure the strength of the drug ordered and the strength of the drug available are in the same unit of measure |
| what does the "D" stands for when calculating dosage formula?? | Desired Dose |
| what does the"H" stand for when calculating dosage formula?? | Supply on Hand |
| what does the "Q" stands for when calculating dosage formula ??? | Quantity Available (on hand) |
| what does the "X" stands for whe calculating dosage formula??? | Quantity Desired |
| what sre oral medications divided into?? | solidsm and liquids |
| what is the most common solid form??? | the tablet |
| what is sublingually means??? | under the tongue |
| what buccally means??? | between cheek and gum |
| what are "scored tablets"?? | they are "notched" tablets |
| unscored tablets can be broken into parts??? T or F | FALSE |
| examples of liquid drugs??? | syrups, spirits, elixirs, suspensions, etc |
| the three measuring devices used to administer oral medications?? | - measuring cup - dropper (syringe) - calibrated spoon |
| mixtures that contain the drug dissolved in an appropriate liquid??? | injections |
| routes to administer injections?? | IM, SQ, ID, IV |
| what ID injections are used for??? | for skin testing |
| where does an ID injection can administered??? | - inner part of forearm - upper back |
| what is the purpose of an ID injection??? | to diagnose the cause of an allergy or find the presence of microorganisms |
| the amount of drug usually adnibustered SQ is.... | 0.5 mL to 1 mL |
| the angle if inj for a SQ | 45* |
| the two types of syringes used for SQ are.... | 1 mL (tuberculin syringe) and 3 mL |
| the drug most commonly used SQtaneously | heparin |
| pancreatic hormone that stimulates glucose metabolism. | insulin |
| why insulin inj must be rotated??? | to prevent scarring of tissue at a single inj site |
| the ways insulin may be administered are.... | - SQ inj - IV admon - continuous admon through an insulin pump |
| the four types of insulin are.... | - quick onset - intermediate- acting - long acting - ultra long acting |
| the three types of insulin syringes are.... | - 100 unit syringes - 50 unit syringes - 30 units syringes |
| the size of the syringe depends on what???? | on the size of the dose to be administered |
| why heparin is given???? | to reduce or prevent blood from clotting |
| what does IV fluids consist of??? | - water - dextrose - vitamins - electrolytes - drugs |
| know the pediatric formulas used for clark's rule | child's wt/150 * adult dose |
| pediatric formula for fried's rule | child's age in months/150 * adult dose |
| pediatric formula for young's rule | child's age in yrs/child age in yrs + 12 * adult dose |
| clark's rule is based on..... | child's wt, most commonly law used in calculating dosage for children |
| fried's rule is based on.... | for children under 1 yr of age |
| young's rule is based on ...... | for children over 1 yr old |
| west's nomogram rule is based on.... | preferres for oncology, critical care or underweight pt or children. can be used for both infants and children. frequently found in ped. offices, textbooks, dictionaries. uses BSA, based on HT & WT and expressed in m^2 |
| what is the arabic number system??? | commonly used in expressing quantity and value (0-9), can be written as whole numbers, decimals and fractions |
| what is the roman numeral system??? | letters that represent number values |
| what numbers are most commonly used in roman numerals??? | numbers between 1 and 100 |
| what three numbers are used and their letters?? | I (1), V(5), X(10) |
| how roman numerals are read??? | by adding and subtracting the value of the letter |
| what is a fraction?? | one or more equal parts of a unit |
| what are the two parts of a fraction?? | numerator and denominator |
| which fraction is on top?? | numerator |
| which fraction is on the bottom | denominator |
| how many groups fractions are generally divided into??? | 2 (common fractions and decimal fractions) |
| know the groups names for common fractions | common fractions are divided into: proper, imoproper and mixed |
| what does a common fraction represents??? | equal parts of a whole |
| comparison of relationship of one number to another number, or expresses a part of a whole number | ratio |
| what separates ratio when written | a colon (:) " means division" |
| relationship of equality between two ratios | proportion |
| the two insides terms are called.... | the means |
| the two outside terms are called .... | the extremes |
| what a percent is??? | means "hundredths", expressed as a fraction, as a decimal fraction, or as a ratio |
| what is the symbol for percent ???? | % |
Created by:
ricrom81
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