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Postioning test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many bones are in the leg? | two |
| What are the bones in the leg called? | Tibia and fibula |
| Which bone is know as the weight bearing bone? | Tibia |
| Where is the tibia located? | on the medial side of the leg |
| Where is the fibula located? | on the lateral side of the leg |
| What is the second largest bone in the body? | Tibia |
| In an AP projection of the leg how do you adjust the femoral condyles? | So that they are parallel to the IR and the foot is vertical |
| What is the central ray angle in an AP projection of the leg? | 0 degrees or perpendicular |
| Since the leg is long how should you postion the IR to get the leg completely on it? | 14x17 diagonal |
| What are the essential projections of the leg? | AP and Lateral |
| Where do you center the central ray to enter the leg? | In the middle |
| What bones articulate with the talus? | the tibia, fibula, and the calcaneous |
| What joint are you looking for when you x-ray an ankle? | mortise joint |
| How do you know that you have the ankle in a Mortis oblique projection? | the malleoli are parallel to the IR |
| How many degrees of rotation of the ankle in a mortise projection? | 15 to 20 |
| What forms the mortise joint? | medial malleolus of the tibia, lateal mallelous of the fibula and inferior surface of the tibia |
| What structures are shown in a AP ankle projection? | ankle joint, distal tibia and fibula and base of 5th metatarsal |
| In a lateral ankle projection where is the CR entering at at? | medial malleolus |
| What is the CR angle on a lateral projection of the ankle? | 0 degrees or perpendicular |
| Where should the CR enter in an AP projection of the ankle joint? | midway between the malleoli |
| How do you prevent lateral rotation of the ankle in a lateral projection? | dorsiflexion of the foot |
| In an AP oblique projection what is the CR angle? | 0 degrees or perpendicular |
| In an AP oblique projection where does the CR enter at? | midway between the malleoli |
| What are the essential projections of the ankle? | 45 degree medial oblique and mortise |
| All projections of the ankle should do what? | When rotations occur rotate the entire leg and foot |
| Where does the fibula articulate with the tibia? | distal and proximal tibiofibular joint |
| How do postion in the fibula in a lateral propjection of the ankle? | The poperly postioned lateral ankle over the posterior half of the tibia |
| If the malleoli are parallel to the IR what are you in postion to get? | the mortise joint |
| In a Medial and lateral oblique ankle projection how should the leg and foot be angled? | 45 degrees |
| Which projection shows the mortise joint? | AP oblique and 15 to 20 degree rotation mortise joint |
| Often the leg is to long to fit on one film but what should be shown on the film? | The joint closest to the lesion |
| Which could be used on a radiograph of the lower limb? | film, straps, sponge,sandbags |
| What is clearly demonstrated in a lateral projection of the leg? | knee, ankle joint, tibia, and fibula |
| In an AP stress study what projections do you do? | inversion and eversion |
| Which specific projection lateral or medial of the ankle shows a ligament tear? | eversion and inversion stress method |
| Where is the CR directed in an AP projection of the knee? | 1/2 inch inferior to the patella apex toward the knee |
| Where is the patella located in a proper AP knee projection? | slightly medial |
| How do you do an AP knee if the ASIS is 19 to 24 cm when lying on the table? | 0 degrees or perpendicular |
| How do you do an AP knee if the ASIS is <19 cm when lying on the table ? | 3 to 5 degrees caudad |
| How do you do an AP knee if the ASIS is >24 cm when lying on the table? | 3 to 5 degrees cephalad |
| In a lateral projection of the knee how should you flex the knee? | 20 to 30 degrees |
| Which of these is shown in a lateral projection of the knee when lying down | ALL, distal end of the femur, patella, knee joint, proximal ends of the tibia and fibula, and adjacent soft tissue |
| Where is the CR angled in a lateral projection of the knee when lying down? | 5 to 7 degrees cephalad |
| What can be seen in an AP weight bearing bilateral projection of the knees? | Knee joint spaces and varus and valgus deformities |
| What is the proper collimation of the projection of the leg? | 1 inch on the sides and 1 1/2 inch neyond the ankle and knee joints |
| On what side does the ankle norally break on? | lateral malleolus side |
| What structures are shown on an AP projection of the leg? | entire leg with ankle and knee joint |
| How should you turn the cassette in a lateral projection of the leg? | diagnoal same as AP |
| What is the CR angle for a weight bearing knee? | 0 degrees or perpendicular |
| Where is the CR angled at in a weight bearing knee projection? | 1/2 inch below the apex of the patella |
| What projections of the knees shows the intercondylar fossa? | PA axial holmbald and Camp convert methods |
| How should th knees be flexed in a PA axial holmbald and Camp convert methods? | 70 degrees |
| What is the CR angle for a PA axial projection of the knee? | perpendicular to the lower leg |
| What positions can we use for a PA axial holmbald method of the knee? | standing with knee on stool, standing with knee flexed or kneeling on the table |
| How is the patient positioned in a PA projection of the patella? | lying on the stomach (prone position) |
| How do you make sure that the patella is parallel to the IR in a PA projection? | the heel must be rotated 5 to 10 degrees laterally |
| What is the CR angle in a PA projection of the knee and where does it enter? | perpendicular to the mid-popliteal area exiting the patella |
| How many degrees should the knee be flexed for the patella to be lateral? | 5 to 10 degrees |
| How do know you have a lateral patella projection that was done correctly? | epicondyles are superimposed |
| What is the CR angle of a Lateral Patella projection? | 0 degrees or perpendicular |
| Where does the CR enter in a lateral patella propjection? | mid-patellofemoral joint |
| What is the essential tangential projection of the patella? | the settegast method |
| How to you place the patient in a settegast method? | lying down or prone( perferred lying down) |
| How do you flex the knee in the settegastmethod in the prone position? | perpendicular to the patella or as much as possible |
| Where is the CR centered in the settegast method | perpendicular to the joint spaces between the patella and the femoral condyles |
| In the settegast projection of the knee what is the degree anglulation of the knee? | depends on the flexion of the knee |
| At the proximal end of the tibia what are the two prominent processes called? | condyles |
| What are the two flat superior part of the tibia called? | tibial plateaus |
| What is the slope of the tibia plateaus? | posteriorly to degrees |
| what is the anterior surface of the tibia called? | tibial tuberosity |
| What is the circular fibrocartilage disk called | the menisci |
| what type of joint is the ankle mortise joint? | synovial hinge |
| The fibula is a | non weight bearing bone |
| incomplete seperation of the tibural tuberosity? | Osgood-schlatter disease |
| In a lateral projection of the knee how is the knee flexed | 20 to 30 degrees |
| In the camp-coventry method knee projection how should the knee be flexed and what is the CR angle | 40 degrees when the knee is flexed 40 degrees or 50 degrees when the knee is flexed 50 degrees |
Created by:
atesta0824
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