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week 5 pharmaco
chp 15,16,17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thiazides | most commonly used diuretic |
| Loop diuretics | acts on the kidneys, tinnitus |
| Potassium sparing diuretics | potassium depletion becomes dangerous |
| Osmotic agents | CNS-central nervous system; vertigo |
| Gout | arthritis in which uric crystals are deposited in joints, usually feet or knee |
| Uricosuric | promotes excretion of uric acid |
| Uric Acid | was produced during breakdown of purine |
| Bulk forming laxative | fiber / supplements; e.g, Metamucil, bran, psyllium |
| Stool softener | moistens stool through a detergent action |
| Detergent Action | cleansing action of water, an emulsifier |
| Emulsifier | binds non-combinative substances such as oil and water |
| Emollient | promotes stool movement through the intestines while softening / coating |
| Saline laxatives | Milk of Magnesia, promotes secretion of water into the intestinal lumen |
| Stimulant laxative | habit forming, may lose normal bowel functions, rapid evacuation of the bowels is needed |
| Osmotic laxative | glycerin, glycol – draws water from tissue into feces and stimulates evacuation; e.g. suppositories |
| Chloride Channel activator | unique treatment of constipation, increases intestinal fluid secretion by activating chloride channels in the intestinal epithelium |
| Antiemetic | prevents nausea, vomiting and motion sickness |
| Anticholengeric | scopolamine; dries out mouth, throat and stomach |
| Serotonin receptor antagonists | neurotransmitter involved in emesis in the gut, prevents nausea and vomiting assigned with chemotherapy |
| Acute | Sudden onset of symptoms |
| Chronic | History of symptoms |
| Chloride channel activator | unique medicine for treatment of constipation, lubiprostone (Amitiza). Increases intestinal fluid secretion. |
| Antiemetic | treats nausea, vomiting and motion sickness |
| Anticholengeric | Scopolamine |
| Antidopaminergics | blocks brain messages to the Gastro Intestinal tract, Phenergan, relief of pre & post-op nausea & vomiting |
| Serotonin receptor antagonists | neurotransmitter involved in emesis in the rut, helps prevent nausea & vomiting with chemotherapy, Zofran |
| Adverse Cautions | possible, unpleasant or dangerous secondary effects, other than desired |
| Aminoglycoside’s | used in combination with other antibiotics to treat infections caused by gram positive / negative bacteria |
| Anaphylaxis | hypersensivity to a foreign substance or drug, symptoms include death |
| Antifungal | used in the treatment candida (yeast infection & other fungi) |
| Antituberculosis agents | medications used to treat asymptomatic TB infection and active clinical TB, prevents relapse |
| Antiviral | treats viruses such as HIV, herpes, etc. |
| Broad spectrum antibiotic | effective against a large variety of viral organisms, tetracycline is very common |
| Cephalosporin | antibiotic derivative produced by a fungus, Cefuroxime, Keflex treats skin infections, otitis media and infections of the GI tract. |
| Culture & sensitivity | identifies exactly which organism, bacteria or yeast and what medicine is best to treat the infection |
| Direct toxicity | drugs that result in tissue damage, may or may not be permanent, e.g., some analgesics can cause kidney damage |
| Hypersensitivity | allergic or excessive response of the immune system to a drug or chemical |
| Macrolides | treats infections of respiratory tract, acne, STD’s (penicillin replacement) |
| Opportunistic infections | infection/ pathogen that occurs because of a depressed immune system and would not occur otherwise |
| Penicillin’s | antibiotics produced from a certain species of fungus |
| Quinolones | treats Urinary Tract Infection, Respiratory tract, GI tract, skin, bones & joints |
| Resistance | a lack of response to antibiotics, staph infection, |
| Sulfonamide | anti-infective, slow development of resistance, UTI, enteritis, & AIDS opportunistic infections |
| Tetracycline | broad spectrum antibiotics, treats infections caused by rickettsia, Chlamydia, uncommon bacteria’s |
| Urinary Anti-infective’s | treats UTI, bacteriostatic, bactericidal |
| Antispasmodic | (anticolengerics) blocking parasympathetic nerve impulses, reduce bladder contractions |
| Neurogenic | formation of nervous tissue |
| Cholengeric | bethanechol (Urecholine) – stimulates parasympathetic nerves, brings about bladder contractions for non-obstructive urinary retention |
| Urinary Analgesics | local anesthetic for urinary mucosa, relieves symptoms associated with cystitis |
| Antiandrogens | BPH (benign prostratic hypertrophy |
| Alpha-blockers | causes smooth muscles in the bladder, neck and prostate, causing relaxation and urine flow. Also treats hypertension |
| Antacids | neutralize stomach acid |
| GERD (gastroesophogeal ) | reflux disease & ulcer |
| Anti-spasmotic/ anticholengerics | help calm the bowel, including irritable bowel syndrome & other functional disturbances to GI motility / function – dicyclomine (Bentyl) |
| motility | spontaneous movement |
| Antidiarrheal | reduces the number of loose stools- bismuth subsalicylate (Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol), have anitisecretory & anti-infective properties |
| Anti-flatulents | used in treatment of gastric bloating, post-op gas pains. They break up gas bubbles in the GI tract |
| Laxatives | promote the evacuation of the intestine, include cathartics, purgatives, promote alteration of stool consistence |
Created by:
atif786
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