In what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart?

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VTNE Study Stack #1

Question	Answer
Where are striated muscles located?	Heart and skeletal muscles
The pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is...	Systolic blood pressure
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures of the expanding and contracting arterial wall is...	The pulse
Input from what system causes vasoconstriction in blood pressure?	Sympathetic Nervous System
The cardia muscle is...	Striated involuntary
In what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart?	SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
The wave on the electrocardiogram that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the...	P wave
The SA node is located in the wall of which chamber?	Right atrium
The muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the....	Pylorus
The type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses throught the nervous system is the...	Neuron
What system is anatomically composed of the brain and spinal cord?	Central Nervous System
Functions that an animal does not have conscious control of such as peristasis in the intestines are influenced by the...	Autonomic Nervous System
The cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system?	Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory nerves are considered...	Afferent nerves
An imbalance of what minerals can affect nerve function?	Sodium and Potassium
When a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization it has received...	Threshold
What happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective?	Sodium channels become blocked
Smooth muscles can be found in the...	Stomach and reproductive tract
Which muscle cells have single nuclei?	Smooth and cardiac
Cattles and swine display what type of estrous cycle?	Polyestrus
Dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle?	Diestrus
Which species is an induced ovulator?	Feline
In what stages of the estrous cycle does the corpus luteum develop?	Metestrus
The hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is...	Estrogen
What hormone contracts the female reproductive tract to help move spermatozoa?	Oxytocin
To achieve a normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structure?	Endometrium
Which of the following nutrients can be used for glucogenesis?	Amino Acids
Cataracts are due to a problem with transparency of the...	Lens
A physiologic isotonic solution would contain...	300 mOsm
Cholesterol is used for all types of the following except...	Saliva
All of the following are functions of insulin except...	Increased blood pressure
Insulin resistence is commonly seen in animals that are...	Obese
All of the following are true about glucocorticoid hormones except...	They increase immune function
Nociceptors are important for detecting...	Pain
Areas with high sensory sensitivity are characterized by all of the following except...	Lots of convergence
Which type of nerve fiber carries sharp pricking pain?	Type A fibers
Chronic burning pain is carried by what type of nerve fibers?	Type C fibers
What is glaucoma?	Excessive pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye
In a healthy dog if the right eye is in low light and a light is shown into the left eye, the pupils in both eyes would be...	constricted
Clients should be cautioned against sticking Q-tips in the ears of their pets because they can rupture what?	Tempanic membrane
Al of the following statements are true about oxytocin except...	Oxytocin causes an increased motility of sperm in the male
All of the following would be typical of hyperthyroidism except...	weight gain
GnRH will stimulate the release of...	FSH
ACTH will stimulate the release of...	cortisol
Lymph nodes that are found medial to the caudal part of the jaw are the...	Mandibular nodes
Lymph nodes found on the caudal aspect of the leg at the level of the patella are the...	Popliteal nodes
All of the following hormones raise the concentration of glucose in blood except....	insulin
What does the portal vein do?	Deliver blood to the liver
To get from the point between the eyes to the tip of the dog's nose, you would move...	rostrally
Typically,what percentage of an animal's body weight is blood?	Eight
A dog that weighs 10kg would have approximately how much blood?	800mL
Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint?	Forelimb from the body
If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone?	Occipital
Giving birth is known as....	Partuition
From the estrous cycle to partuition, in what order are the hormones released?	Etrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin
All of the following nitrogenous bases would be found in a DNA strand except for...	Uracil
The process of manufacturing protein from RNA is called...	Translation
Which of the following is a product of anaerobic metabolism?	CO2
Aerobic metabolism takes place in the...	Mitochondria
Anaerobic metabolism takes place in the...	Cytoplasm
Propogation of an action potential in a nerve cell is dependent on...	Na+ rushing into a cell
Atropine blocks...	Muscarinic receptors
Muscarinic receptors are activated by...	Acetylcholine
The following would all be typical reactions to sympathetic stimulation except....	Decreased heart rate
Blocking parasympathetic stimulation could cause all of the folllowing except....	Constricting pupils
Acetylcholine is released as a neurotransmitter by all of the following fibers except....	Postganglionic sympathetic
The neurotransmitter listed below that is most responsible for the "fight or flight" response is...	Epinephrine
In the healthy heart, the beat is initiated by...	SA node
On an electrocardiogram the T wave is most closely associated with....	ventricular depolarization
On an electrocardiogram the P wave is most closely associated with...	Atrial depolarization
Which of the follow conditions is most life threatening?	Ventricular fibrillation
Increasing a neuron's permeability to Na+ will cause....	Hyperexcitability
Atropine works primarily by...	Blocking parasympathetic actions
The primary constituent of blood responsible for the oncotic pressure of blood is....	Protein
Edema can be the sequel of all of the following except....	Dehydration
On inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity as compared with ambient air is...	negative
In the healthy awake cat, the primary stimulus in blood for respriation is....	increaded CO2
An increased PCV could be indicative of...	Dehydration
Apnea will cause...	Respiratory acidosis
Dehydration will typically result in all of the following except...	Polyuria
The inital process of converting glucose into fat is called....	Fatty acid synthesis
Which of the following is true about anaerobic metabolism?	Glucose can be used
The amount of energy an animal would acquire from burning of adipose tissue would be...	7700 kcal/kg
Which of the following are not examples of efferent nerves?	Sensory nerves from fingers
The best description of the lipid moiety that carries fat within the gut is...	Micelles
What the lay press calls "good cholesterol" is actually a lipoprotein that is called....	HDL
After most fatty acids have been removes from VLDL, what is left over is called...	LDL
Which of the following inhibit HSL?	insulin
Which is responsible for repolarization of a neuron during an action potential?	Potassium
Insulin stimulates all of the following except...	Gluconeogenesis
The P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to...	Atrial contraction
Which of the following statements is false?	Hepatic artery and portal artery deliver blood to the liver.
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases strength of contractions by...	Increasing permeability in heart muscle to calcium
Edema could be caused by...	Venous congestion
What is called the knee in the forelimb of the horse would be called the ___ in a human.	Wrist joint
The linea alba is ____ to the spinal cord.	Ventral
Fat in lymph would be most likely to be associated with which moiety?	Chylomicron
A common sign of a puppy with a cleft palate would be...	Milk coming out of its nose
Clinical ketosis in dairy cows is most common in...	Fat cows
Yellow mucous membranes would suggest...	Hepatic disease
Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with...	IV calcium
A CRT of 2 seconds would suggest...	A healthy animal
For an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect the CRT to be...	Less than 2 seconds
What is the name for the large flat projection located lateral to the head of the femur?	Greater trochanter
A pulse taken from the inguinal area of a dog would be from the...	Femoral artery
The femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the...	stifle joint
What is the term for a part closer to a point of attachment or to the trunk?	Proximal
What is the term used below the carpus for the surface directed caudally or ventrally?	Palmar
The normal dentition pattern for an adult cat is....	Incisor 3/3, Canine 1/1, Premolar 3/2, Molar 1/1
In the avian species, the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the...	Crop
In growing bone, where does lengthening take place?	Physis
How many air sacs does a chicken have?	8
What layer of tissue is necessary for bone growth, repair, nutrition, and attachment of ligaments and tendons?	Periosteum
In birds, the term cloaca means...	A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems
The fibrous covering around the part of the bone not covered by articular cartilge is...	periosteum
In the avian species, the gizzard is also referred to as the...	ventriculus
What two valves comprise the atrioventricular valves?	Mitral valve; tricuspid valve
The femoral artery is cranial to what muscle?	Pectineus
What two valves comprise the semilunar valves?	Pulmonic valve; aortic valve
The uvea consists of the iris, cilliary body and the....	Choroid
All of the following are true regarding epithelial cells, except...	They are very vascular
The structure by which venous blodd from the intestines bypasses the liver is the...	Right atrium
The pulmonary circulation is under...	Low pressure
The portion of the cardia muscle that separates the right and the left ventricles is called the...	Septum
Systemic circulation is under....	High pressure
The muscular layer that makes up the majority of the heart mass is the...	Myocardium
Adult dogs have how many total teeth?	42
The major artery that carries blood out of the left ventricle is the...	Aorta
Which of these is not a division of the small intestine?	Ilium
All of the following major vessels contribute to blood flowing into the cranial vena cava, except...	Femoral vein
What abdominal organ is absent in the horse and rat?	Gallbladder
What is unique about the ruminant oral cavity?	Presence of a dental pad
What is the average frequency of ruminations for all ruminants?	2 per minute
Which of the following is a ductless system?	Endocrine System
The hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy is...	Progesterone
Which is the most common site of feed impactions in the horse?	Pelvic flexure
The structure produced after an ovarian follicle has ruptured and released its ovum....	Corpus luteum
Food is moved alond the digestive tract by the process known as...	Peristasis
A deficiency in antidiuretic hormone causes...	Diabetes insipidus
The most distal portion of the monogastric stomach is the...	Pylorus
The kidneys produce which of the following hormones?	Erythropoietin
What hormone is produced by the delta cells in the pancreas?	Somatostatin
All of the following are cells found in the fundus and body of the stomach except...	G cells
Which of the following is not a hormone produced or released by the pituitary gland?	Calcitonin
The adrenal cortex is made up of all of the following, except...	Zona medullata
The endocrine structure responsible for secreting melatonin is...	Pineal gland
Adrenergic receptors include all of the following except...	Alpha 2 receptors
The lymphatic system has all of the following functions except...	Carbohydrate transport
The lymphatic structure that is found exclusively in rabbits is...	Sacculus rotunda
Ruminants have which type of placentation?	Cotyledonary
Which of the following is a posterior pituitary hormone?	Oxytocin
Sperm cells are produced by the...	Seminiferous tubule
All of the following compose brainstem except....	Hypothalamus
The lymphatic structure found in the small intestines responsible for the transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins is...	Lacteals
Which domestic species lacks the bulbourethral gland, also called Cowper's gland?	Canine
All of the following compose lymphatic structures except...	thyroid
All are examples of catecholamines, except...	Acetylcholine
All of the following are induced ovulators, except...	Rat
The time period from the beginning of one heat cycle to the beginning of the next is called the....	Estrous cycle
Which muscle is responsible for pulling the testicles closer to the body?	Cremaster
When does ovulation occur in the cow?	12 hours after standing heat
What primary ovarian structure is responsible for the release of estrogen?	Follicle
Which hormone is given to prevent pregnancies in dogs that have beem mismated?	Estrogen
The average gestation length in the ferret is...	42 days
The hormone primarily responsible for precenting hypercalcemia is...	Calcitonin
The hormone primarily responsible for preventing hypocalcemia is...	Parathyroid hormone
Basic functions of bones include the following except...	Metabolism
The two main minerals that makes bone are...	Calcium and phosphate
Skeletal muscles are...	Under voluntary control
The bone cells responsible for the removal of bone are...	Osteoclasts
The periosteum...	Covers the outer surface of bones
The condition known as pseudopregnancy can result from exaggerated...	Diestrus
The thorax is normally under...	Negative pressure
Bones come in all of the following shapes, except...	Regular
The most appropriate soultion to use as an ear cleaner in an animal that does not have an intact typanum is....	Physiologic saline
The most critical factor to expediate healing of decubital sores is...	Exposure to air so the sores stay dry
To calculate the quanity of food to administer at one feeding to a 2-day-old orpaned puppy you would multiply the body weight in grams by...	5%
A pulse defecit occurs when...	The heart rate is faster than the pulse rate
Sinus arrhythmia occurs when...	Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration
If you are syringe feeding a patient, the most appropriate positioning of the head would be....	A natural position
Fluid administered at the subcutaneous route should be at what temp?	Body temp and isotonic
The cages of immunocompromised animals should be cleaned when?	Before cleaning the general nursing wards
Which of the following is not a symptom of hypostatic pneumonia?	Non-productive cough
Which of the following is the least desireable method of warming a recumbent patient?	Electric heating pad
What is the average length of gestation for a dog?	63 days
Isosthenuria is best described as what?	Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma
Pinpoint hemorrhage of the mucous membranes and skin is termed what?	Petechiation
What route is least desirable for administering insulin?	Per os
What causes milk fever?	Low blood calcium level
Milk fever has all of the following clinical signs except...	Hypersalivation
The colloquial for acetonemia in cattle is...	Ketosis
Q fever in sheep is caused by...	Coxiella burnetii
When does hypocalcemia in dogs occur?	Mid to late lactation
What causes grass tetany in cattle?	Low blood magnesium level
Which of the following is not true of inactivated vaccines?	Provides cellular and mucosal immunity
A client calls and says her horse is sweated up, keeps looking at her belly, and is trying to roll. This horse is suffering from...	Colic

Created by: s.yarbrough

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