VTNE Study Stack #1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Where are striated muscles located? | Heart and skeletal muscles
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| The pressure in the systemic arteries during ventricular contraction is... | Systolic blood pressure
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| The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures of the expanding and contracting arterial wall is... | The pulse
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| Input from what system causes vasoconstriction in blood pressure? | Sympathetic Nervous System
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| The cardia muscle is... | Striated involuntary
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| In what order does the impulse for depolarization travel through the heart? | SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
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| The wave on the electrocardiogram that is associated with the atrial wall depolarization is the... | P wave
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| The SA node is located in the wall of which chamber? | Right atrium
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| The muscular sphincter located between the stomach and the duodenum is the.... | Pylorus
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| The type of cell responsible for the transmission of impulses throught the nervous system is the... | Neuron
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| What system is anatomically composed of the brain and spinal cord? | Central Nervous System
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| Functions that an animal does not have conscious control of such as peristasis in the intestines are influenced by the... | Autonomic Nervous System
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| The cranial nerves and the spinal nerves are anatomically part of what system? | Peripheral Nervous System
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| Sensory nerves are considered... | Afferent nerves
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| An imbalance of what minerals can affect nerve function? | Sodium and Potassium
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| When a stimulus is strong enough to cause complete depolarization it has received... | Threshold
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| What happens within the neuron that allows local anesthetics to be effective? | Sodium channels become blocked
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| Smooth muscles can be found in the... | Stomach and reproductive tract
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| Which muscle cells have single nuclei? | Smooth and cardiac
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| Cattles and swine display what type of estrous cycle? | Polyestrus
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| Dogs demonstrate what type of estrous cycle? | Diestrus
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| Which species is an induced ovulator? | Feline
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| In what stages of the estrous cycle does the corpus luteum develop? | Metestrus
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| The hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is... | Estrogen
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| What hormone contracts the female reproductive tract to help move spermatozoa? | Oxytocin
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| To achieve a normal pregnancy, the blastocyst attaches to what structure? | Endometrium
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| Which of the following nutrients can be used for glucogenesis? | Amino Acids
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| Cataracts are due to a problem with transparency of the... | Lens
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| A physiologic isotonic solution would contain... | 300 mOsm
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| Cholesterol is used for all types of the following except... | Saliva
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| All of the following are functions of insulin except... | Increased blood pressure
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| Insulin resistence is commonly seen in animals that are... | Obese
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| All of the following are true about glucocorticoid hormones except... | They increase immune function
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| Nociceptors are important for detecting... | Pain
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| Areas with high sensory sensitivity are characterized by all of the following except... | Lots of convergence
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| Which type of nerve fiber carries sharp pricking pain? | Type A fibers
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| Chronic burning pain is carried by what type of nerve fibers? | Type C fibers
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| What is glaucoma? | Excessive pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye
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| In a healthy dog if the right eye is in low light and a light is shown into the left eye, the pupils in both eyes would be... | constricted
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| Clients should be cautioned against sticking Q-tips in the ears of their pets because they can rupture what? | Tempanic membrane
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| Al of the following statements are true about oxytocin except... | Oxytocin causes an increased motility of sperm in the male
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| All of the following would be typical of hyperthyroidism except... | weight gain
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| GnRH will stimulate the release of... | FSH
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| ACTH will stimulate the release of... | cortisol
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| Lymph nodes that are found medial to the caudal part of the jaw are the... | Mandibular nodes
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| Lymph nodes found on the caudal aspect of the leg at the level of the patella are the... | Popliteal nodes
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| All of the following hormones raise the concentration of glucose in blood except.... | insulin
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| What does the portal vein do? | Deliver blood to the liver
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| To get from the point between the eyes to the tip of the dog's nose, you would move... | rostrally
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| Typically,what percentage of an animal's body weight is blood? | Eight
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| A dog that weighs 10kg would have approximately how much blood? | 800mL
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| Which of the following dissections could be made without cutting through a bone-to-bone joint? | Forelimb from the body
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| If you were to grasp your hands behind your head at the base of your skull, your hands would be over which bone? | Occipital
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| Giving birth is known as.... | Partuition
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| From the estrous cycle to partuition, in what order are the hormones released? | Etrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin
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| All of the following nitrogenous bases would be found in a DNA strand except for... | Uracil
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| The process of manufacturing protein from RNA is called... | Translation
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| Which of the following is a product of anaerobic metabolism? | CO2
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| Aerobic metabolism takes place in the... | Mitochondria
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| Anaerobic metabolism takes place in the... | Cytoplasm
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| Propogation of an action potential in a nerve cell is dependent on... | Na+ rushing into a cell
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| Atropine blocks... | Muscarinic receptors
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| Muscarinic receptors are activated by... | Acetylcholine
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| The following would all be typical reactions to sympathetic stimulation except.... | Decreased heart rate
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| Blocking parasympathetic stimulation could cause all of the folllowing except.... | Constricting pupils
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| Acetylcholine is released as a neurotransmitter by all of the following fibers except.... | Postganglionic sympathetic
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| The neurotransmitter listed below that is most responsible for the "fight or flight" response is... | Epinephrine
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| In the healthy heart, the beat is initiated by... | SA node
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| On an electrocardiogram the T wave is most closely associated with.... | ventricular depolarization
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| On an electrocardiogram the P wave is most closely associated with... | Atrial depolarization
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| Which of the follow conditions is most life threatening? | Ventricular fibrillation
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| Increasing a neuron's permeability to Na+ will cause.... | Hyperexcitability
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| Atropine works primarily by... | Blocking parasympathetic actions
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| The primary constituent of blood responsible for the oncotic pressure of blood is.... | Protein
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| Edema can be the sequel of all of the following except.... | Dehydration
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| On inspiration, the pressure in the thoracic cavity as compared with ambient air is... | negative
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| In the healthy awake cat, the primary stimulus in blood for respriation is.... | increaded CO2
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| An increased PCV could be indicative of... | Dehydration
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| Apnea will cause... | Respiratory acidosis
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| Dehydration will typically result in all of the following except... | Polyuria
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| The inital process of converting glucose into fat is called.... | Fatty acid synthesis
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| Which of the following is true about anaerobic metabolism? | Glucose can be used
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| The amount of energy an animal would acquire from burning of adipose tissue would be... | 7700 kcal/kg
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| Which of the following are not examples of efferent nerves? | Sensory nerves from fingers
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| The best description of the lipid moiety that carries fat within the gut is... | Micelles
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| What the lay press calls "good cholesterol" is actually a lipoprotein that is called.... | HDL
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| After most fatty acids have been removes from VLDL, what is left over is called... | LDL
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| Which of the following inhibit HSL? | insulin
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| Which is responsible for repolarization of a neuron during an action potential? | Potassium
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| Insulin stimulates all of the following except... | Gluconeogenesis
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| The P wave component of a QRS complex usually corresponds to... | Atrial contraction
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| Which of the following statements is false? | Hepatic artery and portal artery deliver blood to the liver.
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| Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases strength of contractions by... | Increasing permeability in heart muscle to calcium
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| Edema could be caused by... | Venous congestion
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| What is called the knee in the forelimb of the horse would be called the ___ in a human. | Wrist joint
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| The linea alba is ____ to the spinal cord. | Ventral
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| Fat in lymph would be most likely to be associated with which moiety? | Chylomicron
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| A common sign of a puppy with a cleft palate would be... | Milk coming out of its nose
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| Clinical ketosis in dairy cows is most common in... | Fat cows
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| Yellow mucous membranes would suggest... | Hepatic disease
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| Milk fever in dairy cows is typically treated with... | IV calcium
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| A CRT of 2 seconds would suggest... | A healthy animal
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| For an animal that had lost RBCs to a moderate hookworm infection, one would expect the CRT to be... | Less than 2 seconds
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| What is the name for the large flat projection located lateral to the head of the femur? | Greater trochanter
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| A pulse taken from the inguinal area of a dog would be from the... | Femoral artery
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| The femur articulates distally with the tibia, forming the... | stifle joint
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| What is the term for a part closer to a point of attachment or to the trunk? | Proximal
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| What is the term used below the carpus for the surface directed caudally or ventrally? | Palmar
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| The normal dentition pattern for an adult cat is.... | Incisor 3/3, Canine 1/1, Premolar 3/2, Molar 1/1
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| In the avian species, the ventral wall of the esophagus is greatly expanded to form the... | Crop
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| In growing bone, where does lengthening take place? | Physis
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| How many air sacs does a chicken have? | 8
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| What layer of tissue is necessary for bone growth, repair, nutrition, and attachment of ligaments and tendons? | Periosteum
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| In birds, the term cloaca means... | A common passage for fecal, urinary, and reproductive systems
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| The fibrous covering around the part of the bone not covered by articular cartilge is... | periosteum
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| In the avian species, the gizzard is also referred to as the... | ventriculus
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| What two valves comprise the atrioventricular valves? | Mitral valve; tricuspid valve
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| The femoral artery is cranial to what muscle? | Pectineus
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| What two valves comprise the semilunar valves? | Pulmonic valve; aortic valve
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| The uvea consists of the iris, cilliary body and the.... | Choroid
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| All of the following are true regarding epithelial cells, except... | They are very vascular
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| The structure by which venous blodd from the intestines bypasses the liver is the... | Right atrium
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| The pulmonary circulation is under... | Low pressure
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| The portion of the cardia muscle that separates the right and the left ventricles is called the... | Septum
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| Systemic circulation is under.... | High pressure
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| The muscular layer that makes up the majority of the heart mass is the... | Myocardium
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| Adult dogs have how many total teeth? | 42
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| The major artery that carries blood out of the left ventricle is the... | Aorta
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| Which of these is not a division of the small intestine? | Ilium
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| All of the following major vessels contribute to blood flowing into the cranial vena cava, except... | Femoral vein
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| What abdominal organ is absent in the horse and rat? | Gallbladder
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| What is unique about the ruminant oral cavity? | Presence of a dental pad
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| What is the average frequency of ruminations for all ruminants? | 2 per minute
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| Which of the following is a ductless system? | Endocrine System
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| The hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy is... | Progesterone
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| Which is the most common site of feed impactions in the horse? | Pelvic flexure
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| The structure produced after an ovarian follicle has ruptured and released its ovum.... | Corpus luteum
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| Food is moved alond the digestive tract by the process known as... | Peristasis
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| A deficiency in antidiuretic hormone causes... | Diabetes insipidus
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| The most distal portion of the monogastric stomach is the... | Pylorus
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| The kidneys produce which of the following hormones? | Erythropoietin
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| What hormone is produced by the delta cells in the pancreas? | Somatostatin
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| All of the following are cells found in the fundus and body of the stomach except... | G cells
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| Which of the following is not a hormone produced or released by the pituitary gland? | Calcitonin
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| The adrenal cortex is made up of all of the following, except... | Zona medullata
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| The endocrine structure responsible for secreting melatonin is... | Pineal gland
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| Adrenergic receptors include all of the following except... | Alpha 2 receptors
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| The lymphatic system has all of the following functions except... | Carbohydrate transport
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| The lymphatic structure that is found exclusively in rabbits is... | Sacculus rotunda
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| Ruminants have which type of placentation? | Cotyledonary
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| Which of the following is a posterior pituitary hormone? | Oxytocin
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| Sperm cells are produced by the... | Seminiferous tubule
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| All of the following compose brainstem except.... | Hypothalamus
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| The lymphatic structure found in the small intestines responsible for the transport of fats and fat-soluble vitamins is... | Lacteals
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| Which domestic species lacks the bulbourethral gland, also called Cowper's gland? | Canine
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| All of the following compose lymphatic structures except... | thyroid
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| All are examples of catecholamines, except... | Acetylcholine
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| All of the following are induced ovulators, except... | Rat
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| The time period from the beginning of one heat cycle to the beginning of the next is called the.... | Estrous cycle
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| Which muscle is responsible for pulling the testicles closer to the body? | Cremaster
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| When does ovulation occur in the cow? | 12 hours after standing heat
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| What primary ovarian structure is responsible for the release of estrogen? | Follicle
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| Which hormone is given to prevent pregnancies in dogs that have beem mismated? | Estrogen
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| The average gestation length in the ferret is... | 42 days
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| The hormone primarily responsible for precenting hypercalcemia is... | Calcitonin
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| The hormone primarily responsible for preventing hypocalcemia is... | Parathyroid hormone
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| Basic functions of bones include the following except... | Metabolism
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| The two main minerals that makes bone are... | Calcium and phosphate
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| Skeletal muscles are... | Under voluntary control
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| The bone cells responsible for the removal of bone are... | Osteoclasts
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| The periosteum... | Covers the outer surface of bones
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| The condition known as pseudopregnancy can result from exaggerated... | Diestrus
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| The thorax is normally under... | Negative pressure
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| Bones come in all of the following shapes, except... | Regular
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| The most appropriate soultion to use as an ear cleaner in an animal that does not have an intact typanum is.... | Physiologic saline
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| The most critical factor to expediate healing of decubital sores is... | Exposure to air so the sores stay dry
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| To calculate the quanity of food to administer at one feeding to a 2-day-old orpaned puppy you would multiply the body weight in grams by... | 5%
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| A pulse defecit occurs when... | The heart rate is faster than the pulse rate
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| Sinus arrhythmia occurs when... | Heart and pulse rates increase with inspiration and decrease with expiration
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| If you are syringe feeding a patient, the most appropriate positioning of the head would be.... | A natural position
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| Fluid administered at the subcutaneous route should be at what temp? | Body temp and isotonic
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| The cages of immunocompromised animals should be cleaned when? | Before cleaning the general nursing wards
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| Which of the following is not a symptom of hypostatic pneumonia? | Non-productive cough
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| Which of the following is the least desireable method of warming a recumbent patient? | Electric heating pad
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| What is the average length of gestation for a dog? | 63 days
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| Isosthenuria is best described as what? | Urine with a specific gravity and osmolality similar to glomerular filtrate and plasma
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| Pinpoint hemorrhage of the mucous membranes and skin is termed what? | Petechiation
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| What route is least desirable for administering insulin? | Per os
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| What causes milk fever? | Low blood calcium level
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| Milk fever has all of the following clinical signs except... | Hypersalivation
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| The colloquial for acetonemia in cattle is... | Ketosis
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| Q fever in sheep is caused by... | Coxiella burnetii
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| When does hypocalcemia in dogs occur? | Mid to late lactation
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| What causes grass tetany in cattle? | Low blood magnesium level
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| Which of the following is not true of inactivated vaccines? | Provides cellular and mucosal immunity
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| A client calls and says her horse is sweated up, keeps looking at her belly, and is trying to roll. This horse is suffering from... | Colic
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Created by:
s.yarbrough