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Pharm. Tech - AntiBi
Antibiotics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally? | Infectious disease |
| How are all bacterial infections treated? | Anti-infectives |
| What is an antibiotic? | An antibiotic is a naturally occurring substance that is produced by one organism that is capable of destroying or inhibiting the growth of bacteria. |
| What do antibiotics and anti-infectives do? | They improve the survivial of individuals with bacterial infections. |
| What do bactericidal agents do? | They are able to destroy rapidly proliferating, pathogenic bacteria. |
| What do bacteriostatic agents do? | They slow the growth of bacteria enough for the host (our bodies) defense mechanism to destroy the invading bacteria. |
| What is microbial resistance? | The ability of bacteria to overcome the bactericidal effects of an antibiotic. |
| What strains of bacteria are spreading out of hospitals? | • Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) |
| What is the common ending for aminoglycosides? | "-mycin" |
| What are aminoglycosides used for? | o Serious (life-threatening) infections of the bone, abdomen, heart, brain, urinary tract, reproductive system, skin, and kidneys (sepsis),Treatment of blepharitis and conjunctivitis,Bowel sterilization prior to bowel surgery |
| Can immunocompromised patients take aminoglycosides? | Yes; they are used for imminocompromised patients |
| What are the adverse reactions of aminoglycosides? | Tinnitus, permanent deafness (ototoxicity), and kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) |
| What is the generic name for Garamycin? | gentamicin |
| What is the the generic name for Tobrax? | tobramycin |
| What is the common beginning for cephalosporins? | "ceph" or "cef" |
| What are cephalosporins used for? | Heart and pacemaker procedures, pneumonia, upper respiratory and sinus infections, prophylaxis for dental work, and orthopedic surgery |
| What is the cross-sensitivity issue concerning cephalosporins? | 10% of the population may be allergic or sensitive to cephalosporins if they are allergic to penicillin |
| How long can cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefadroxil last in the refrigerator? | 14 days |
| How long can cefuroxime suspension last at room temperature or the fridge? | 10 days |
| At what temperature should Loracarbef suspension be stored? How long can it last? | Room temperature for 14 days |
| What is the generic name for Duricef? | cefadroxil |
| What is the brand name for cefadroxil? | Duricef |
| What is the generic name for Ceclor? | cefaclor |
| What is the brand name for cefaclor? | Ceclor |
| What is the generic name for Vantin? | cefpodoxime |
| What is the brand name for cefpodoxime? | Vantin |
| What is the generic name for Keflex? | cephalexin |
| What is the brand name for cephalexin? | Keflex |
| What is the generic name for Zinacef or Ceftin? | cefuroxime |
| What is the brand name(s) for cefuroxime? | Zinacef, Ceftin |
| What is an adverse reaction for taking a cephalosporin? | Diarrhea |
| What are alleric reactions for taking a cephalosporin? | Hives, rash, wheezing, anaphylaxis |
| What is the common ending for a fluoroquinolone? | "-floxacin." |
| What are fluoroquinolones used for? | UTIs, Sinusitis, STIs, bacterial conjunctivitis, infectious diarrhea, anthrax, upper respiratory infections, bone and joint infections |
| What is the generic name for Cipro? | ciprofloxacin |
| What is the brand name for ciprofloxacin? | Cipro |
| What is the generic name for Zymar? | gatifloxacin |
| What is the brand name for gatifloxacin? | Zymar |
| What is the brand name for levofloxacin? | Levaquin |
| What is the generic name for Levaquin? | levofloxacin |
| What is the brand name for moxifloxacin? | Avelox (Tablet form), Vigamox (Eye solution) |
| What is the generic name for Avelox or Vigamox? | moxifloxacin |
| What is the brand name(s) for ofloxacin? | Floxin Otic, Ocuflox |
| What is the generic name for Floxin Otic or Ocuflox? | ofloxacin |
| What is the brand name for norfloxacin? | Noroxin |
| What is the generic name for Noroxin? | norfloxacin |
| What are the adverse reactions with fluroquinolones? | Diarrhea, crystalluria, photosensitivity, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea and stomach upset |
| Why should fluoroquinolones be taken with plenty of water? | To prevent crystalluria |
| Why are oral and parenteral fluroquinolones contraindicated in pregnant women and minors? | A risk for cartilage malformations (tendon damage) |
| What is the interaction between fluroquinolones and antacids? | The antacids interfere with absorption |
| What can you not take with fluroquinolones? | Iron (Fe) or Zinc (Zn) |
| What is the common ending for macrolides? | "-thromycin." |
| What are macrolides used for? | URIs, Chlamydia |
| What is more active against the bacteria H. influenza? | azithromycin and clarithromycin |
| What is used as a key ingredient in treatment for peptic ulcer disease? | clairithromycin |
| What is used for preventing neonatal eye infections and acne? | erythromycin |
| What is the brand name for azithromycin? | Z-Pak, Zithromax |
| What is the generic name for Z-Pak or Zithromax? | azithromycin |
| What is the brand name for clarithromycin? | Biaxin |
| What is the generic name for Biaxin? | clarithromycin |
| What is the brand name for erythromycin? | Ery-tab, ERYC |
| What is the generic name for EES? | erythromycin ethylsuccinate |
| What is the brand name for erythromycin ethylsuccinate? | EES |
| What is the brand name for erythromycin stearate? | Erythrocin |
| What is the generic name for Erythrocin? | erythromycin stearate |
| What is the difference between ketolides and macrolides? | Ketolides are structurally similar to macrolides but have greater antiinfective effects and a lower incidence of antimicrobial resistance |
| What is the indication for telithromycin? | Community-acquired pneumonia (Infection of the lungs and sinuses) |
| What is the generic name for Ketek? | telithromycin |
| What is the brand name for telithromycin? | Ketek |
| What are the adverse effects for macrolides? | Gastrointestinal upset |
| What is are adverse effects for telithromycin? | Liver toxicity and blurred vision |
| For which suspension would you add "Take on an empty stomach"? | azithromycin suspension |
| Should patients take macrolides with food? | Yes, to prevent gastrointestinal upset; only not with azithromycin susp. |
| Which macrolide leaves a metallic taste in one's mouth? | clarithromycin |
| What can macrolides do to oral contraceptives? | Decrease the effectiveness |
| What is the first dose on azithromycin? | A loading dose |
| What is linezolid indicated for? | The treatment of gram-positive bacterial pneumonia and skin structure infections |
| What is the brand name for linezolid? | Zyvox |
| What is the generic name for Zyvox? | linezolid |
| What is the common side effect for oxazolidinones? | Temporary tongue discoloration |
| What is the common ending for penicillins? | "-cillin." |
| What are oral penicillins used to treat? | Upper respiratory infections, otitis media, skin infections (abscesses), to prevent bacterial endocarditis in individuals with prosthetic heart valves (prophylaxis) |
| What are parenteral penicillins used to treat? | Meningitis |
| What is the generic name for Veetids or Pee Vee? | penicillin VK |
| What is the brand name for penicillin VK? | Pee Vee or Veetids |
| What is the brand name for amoxicillin? | Amoxil |
| What is the generic name for Amoxil? | amoxicillin |
| What is the brand name for ampicillin? | Omnipen |
| What is the generic name for Omnipen? | ampicillin |
| What is the brand name for amoxicillin and clavulanate? | Augmentin |
| What is the generic name for Augmentin? | amoxicillin + clavulanate |
| What is the brand name for ampicillin and sulbactum? | Unasyn |
| What is the generic name for Unasyn? | ampicillin + sulbactum |
| What are adverse effects of penicillins? | Diarrhea, superinfection, hairy tongue and hypersensitivity reactions |
| What penicillins should you take on an empty stomach? | ampicillin and dicloxacillin |
| What is a common warning label for penicillins? | Complete the full course of therapy |
| How long can amoxicillin suspension last at room temperature? Refrigerated? | 10 days room temperature, 14 days refrigerated |
| How long can amoxicillin and clavulanate (Augmentin) last? | 10 days refrigerated |
| How long can all other penicillins other than amoxicillin and Augmentin last? | 14 days refrigerated |
| What is the danger with cephalosporins and penicillins? | People who are allergic to penicillins may also be allergic to cephalosporins. |
| What can penicillins do when taken with oral contraceptives? | Decrease the effectiveness |
| What should you not take with penicillins? | Food, and do not take with colas and juices |
| What is the common beginning for sulfonamides? | "-sulf." |
| True or false: sulfonamides are the oldest anti-infective agents. | True |
| When were sulfonamides developed? | In the 1930s |
| What are sulfonamides used for? | URIs, UTIs, Otitis media, ulcerative colitis, AIDs-related pneumonia |
| What is the generic name for Silvadene? | sulfadiazine |
| What is the brand name for sulfadiazine? | Silvadene |
| What is the generic name for Gantrisin? | sulfisoxazole |
| What is the brand name for sulfisoxazole? | Gantrisin |
| What is the generic name for Pediazole? | sulfisoxazole + erythromycin ethylsuccinate |
| What is the brand name for sulfisoxazole + erythromycin ethylsuccinate? | Pediazole |
| What is the generic name for Bactrim? | sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim |
| What is the brand name for sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim? | Bactrim |
| What is the generic name for Azulfidine? | sulfasalazine |
| What is the brand name for sulfasalazine? | Azulfidine |
| What are the adverse effects for sulfonamides? | Nausea and vomiting, jaundice, kidney damage, blood complications, photosensitivity, crystalluria |
| What are common warning labels for sulfonamides? | "Complete full course of therapy, take with lots of water, avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight" |
| What is a common ending for tetracyclines? | "-cycline." |
| What are tetracyclines used for? | Acne, STIs(Chlamydia, Lyme disease, and walking pneumonia), Chronic bronchitis, prophylaxis |
| What is the generic name for Doryx, Vibra-tabs, and Vibramycin? | doxycycline |
| What is the brand name for doxycycline? | Doryx, Vibra-tabs, Vibramycin |
| What are the brand names for minocycline? | Dynacin, Minocin |
| What is the generic name for Dynacin, Minocin? | minocycline |
| What is the brand name for tetracycline? | Sumycin |
| What is the generic name for Sumycin? | tetracycline |
| What are common side effects with tetracyclines? | Nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, photosensitivity |
| What are less common side effects with tetracyclines? | Hepatotoxicity |
| Why do most women need a backup contraceptive? | Most antibiotics decrease the effectiveness fo oral contraceptives |
| What does tetracycline interact with? | Dairy products, calcium, aluminum (antacids), and ferrous supplements |
| What are common warning labels concerning tetracyclines? | "Take several hours apart, full course of therapy, take with plenty of water" |
| What do you take on an empty stomach? (tetracycline family) | tetracycline |
| What is the danger concerning outdated tetracycline? | It may become toxic and cause possible death. |
| Why are tetracyclines contraindicated in pregnancy and in small children younger than nine? | They can weaken fetal bone, retard bone growth, weaken tooth enamel, and stain teeth. |
| What is isonaizid used for? | Tuberculosis |
| What is taken with isonaizid to prevent neurotoxicity? | Vitamin B6 |
| What is the abbreviation for isonaizid? | INH |
| What is the brand name for metronidazole? | Flagyl |
| What is the generic name for Flagyl? | metronidazole |
| What is metronidazole used to treat? | Giardiasis (traveler's diarrhea), Trichomoniasis (an STI), C. difficile enteritis (causes psuedomembranous colitis) |
| What is the reaction that occurs when one drinks alcohol with metronidazole? | Antabuse-like reaction; diarrhea, rash, blurred vision, confusion, difficulty breathing, face becoming hot and scarlet, intense head and neck throbbing (hangover feeling) |
| True or False: metronidazole does not produce a metallic taste in your mouth. | False, it does |
| What are the conditions concerning alcohol use with metronidazole? | Avoid alcohol one day before and two days after therapy |
| Should metronidazole be taken with food? | Yes |
| What is the brand name for vancomycin? | Vancocin |
| What is the generic name for Vancocin? | vancomycin |
| What is vancomycin used to treat? | Dialysis patients, endocarditis, staph infections |
| What can vancomycin cause? | Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neutropenia |
| Why does the CDC issue specific guidelines for vancomycin use? | It has a potential for overusage. |
| True or false: those on vancomycin should be kept hydrated. | True |
| What is the brand name for clindamycin? | Cleocin |
| What is the generic name for Cleocin? | clindamycin |
| What is clindamycin used for in topical form? | The treatment of acne and vaginosis |
| What is clindamycin used for in the dental field? | Prophylaxis to prevent infection for those who are allergic to penicillin |
| What can systemic use of clindamycin cause? How can you lower the risk? | C. difficile infectious diarrhea (bloody diarrhea); drinking lots of fluids |
| What is the generic name for Macrobid or Macrodantin? | nitrofuratoin |
| What is the brand name(s) for nitrofuratoin? | Macrobid or Macrodantin |
| What is the indication for nitrofuratoin? | An initial or recurring UTI |
| What are the side effects of nitrofuratoin? How can you lessen it? | Nausea and vomiting; you can lessen it if you take it with food or milk |
| What is an embarrasing side effect of nitrofuratoin? | It can cause brown urine that can stain underwear |
| Why should you avoid antacids with magnesium while on nitrofuratoin? | They can decrease the effectiveness |
| What antibiotic group should you avoid while on nitrofuratoin? | Quinolones |
| What are the two aminoglycosides that have no brand name? | neomycin and streptomycin |
| What is the brand name for gentamicin? | Garamycin |
| What is the brand name for tobramycin? | Tobrex |
| What is the penicillin with no brand name? | dicloxacillin |
| What antibiotic group CANNOT be given orally? | Aminoglycosides |
Created by:
ablack122
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