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Intro 2 Immunology
Introduction to Immunology- Definitions - B.C.L.T text-Sixth Ed.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| agglutination | the clumping of particuate antigens resulting from reaction with specific antibody |
| allergy | a condition resulting from an exaggerated immune response - hypersensitivty |
| anamnestic response | rapid increase in blood immunoglobulins following a second exposure to an antigen - also called booster response or secondary response |
| antibody (Ab) | protein that is induced by, and reacts specifically with, a foreign substance (antigen) - immunoglobulin |
| antigen (Ag) | foreign substances that induces an immune response by causing production of antibodies and/or sentized lymphocytes that react specifically with that substance -immunogen |
| autoimmune disease | disease caused when the immune response is directed at one's own tissues (self-antigens) |
| B lymphocyte (B cell) | the type of lymphocyte primarily responsible for the humoral immune response |
| cell-mediated immunity | immunity provided by T lymphocytes and cytokines |
| complement (protein) | a group of plasma proteins that can be activated in immune reactions - can cause cell lysis - can help initiate the inflammatory response |
| cytokines | - cyto= cell kino= movement any various non antibody proteins secreted by cells of the immune system and that help regulate the the immune response - lymphokines - carries messages between cells |
| dendritic cells | cells in lymphoid tissues that form a network to trap foreign antibodies |
| enzyme immunoassay (EIA) | an assay that uses an enzyme-labeled antibody as a reactant |
| epitope | the portion of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody - antigenic determinant |
| humoral immunity | immunity provided by B lymphocytes and antibodies |
| immunocompetent | capable of producing a normal immune response |
| immunocompromised | having reduced ability or inability to produce a normal immune response |
| immunoglobulins (Ig) | anitbodies - proteins that are induced by and react specifically with antigens (immounogens) |
| immunology | the branch of medicine encompassing the study of the immune processes and immunity |
| immunosuppression | suppression of the immune response by physical, chemical, or biological means |
| inflammation | a nonspecific protective response to tissue injury that is initiated primarily by the release of chemicals such as histamine and serotonin and by the actions of phagocytic cells |
| lymphokines | nonantibody proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen stimulation and that play a role in regulating the immune response -cytokines |
| macrophages | long-living phagocytic tissue cells that are derived from blood monocytes, function in destruction of foreign antigens and serve as antigen-presenting cells |
| monoclonal antibody | mono=one clonal= colony antibody derived from a single cell line or clone |
| plasma cell | a differentiated Blymphocyte that produces antibodies |
| polyclonal antibodies | poly= more than one clonal= colony antibodies derived from more than one cell line |
| precipitation | formation of an insoluble antigen-antibody complex |
| primary lymphoid organs | organs in which B and T cells acquire their special characteristics - in humans - the thymus and bone marrow |
| secondary lymphoid organs | tissues in which lymphocytes are concentrated, such as the spleen, lymph nodes, and tonsils |
| seroconversion | the apperance of antibody in the serum or plasma of an individual following exposure to an antigen |
| serology | sero= serum ology= the study of the study of antibodies and antigens in serum or plasma using immunological methods |
| T lymphocytes (T cells) | the type of lymphocytes resonsible for cell-mediated immune response |
| thymus | a gland located in the upper chest that is primary lymphoid tissue in which lymphocytes mature and acquire their T cell characteristics |
| titer | in serology, the reciprocal of the highes dilution that gives the desired reaction ( the highest dilution that gives a positive reading) - the concentration of a substance determined by the titration |
| antigen presentation | a process in the body's immune system by which macrophages, dendritic cells and other cell types capture antigens and enable their recognition by T-cells |
| Specific Immunity | - a type of immune response that recognizes and remembers different antigens - has three proporties 1. Recognition 2. Specificity 3. Memory |
| primary antibody response | response occuring after the first exposure to an antigen |
| active immunity | - type of immunity developed in an organism by it's own production of antibodies in response to exposure to an antigen, pathogen or a vacine - the cells are active in the developing of its own antigens and immunity |
| passive immunity | - immunity that is transferred from person to another, i.e. a mother passing antibodies on to a fetus through the placenta - cells are NOT actively involved in the development of its own immunity |
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