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Trait Factor Theory of Voc. Dev.
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CRC EXAM

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Trait Factor Theory of Voc. Dev. individuals need to understand their abilities, aptitudes, interests and skills (traits) and match these to the specific requirements and demands (factors) of different occupations
Frank Parsons Trait-Factor Theories of Vocational Development....successful matching of individual traits with job factors is the key to a successful and satisfying vocational choice
Psychoanalytic Theory views work as an unpleasant activity that requires the reality oriented ego to suppress and control the pleasure oriented id. the defense mechanisms of reaction formation and over compensation explain opposite choices
Ann Roe Psychoanalytic theory. children with cold and rejecting early parent/child relationships would be inclined to choose careers not involving people interactions and with warm child/parent relationships choose careers with a lot of people interactions
Donald Super (Self-Concept) when making vocational choices individuals act in relation to their understanding of themselves. Psychologically, career choices are driven by Self-Concepts. Life roles=life rainbow
5 Stage Psycho-Social Theory of Voc. Development Growth (birth to 14) exploration (15-24) establishment (25-40) maintenance (middle age to 60) decline (60 and over)
Growth (birth to 14) child develops physically and psychologically, and is laying the foundation for a self-concept that will be critical to future vocational choices
Exploration (15-24) individual begins to develop awareness of occupations, choices unrealistic and related to play but then choices are narrowed, and finally narrows to more realistic goals b/c improved knowledge of self and world
Establishment (25-40) individual is in actual work situations, some that fit others don't. an occupation is chosen
Maintenance (middle age to 65) continues to and attempts to improve their situation in occupation, try to maximize satisfying parts of job and minimize unsatisfying parts
Decline (65 and over) pre-retirement, meet minimum requirements rather that enhance their position
Eli Ginzberg (Developmental Theory of Career Choice) developmental theory of career choices, individuals pass through 3 major phases before making 1st significant career choice
Fantasy (birth to 11) (Ginzberg) child thinks about occupations in relation to their fantasies about being an adult. no real thought to career
Tentative (11-17) (Ginzberg) individual focused largely on themselves, evaluate interests(11-12), capacities (13-14), values(15-16)
Realistic (17/18 and up) (Ginzberg) focus on available careers and evaluation/benefits of different careers. builds upon previous stages
John Holland (Personality-Type Theory) different personality types are best suited to different careers
Developmental Theory of Career Choice Eli Ginzberg
Personality-Type Theory John Holland. 6 basic personality types and best suited careers
Personality Types Realistic, Investigative, Social, Conventional, Enterprising, Artistic
Realistic good with objective/physical environment. outside and hands on activities...machines, tools, nature, athletics....dislike social occupations
Investigative good with intellectual environment. like ideas,words,symbols. scientific and theory...dislike enterprising occupations
Conventional concrete and predictable environment. enjoy structure and routine...office and computational work...dislike artistic occupations
Enterprising adventurous,challenging environment. extroverts,enjoy power,dominance...business and supervisor roles...dislike realistic
Social working with people in helping,teaching,serving capacity,like being around others..dislike realistic
Artistic good with creative/self-expression...music,drama,literature...dislike conventional
Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) Stages of Development
Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis
Stages of Development (Freud) Oral(birth-1) Anal(1-2) Phallic(3-5) Oedipus/Electra Complex Latency Period (6-12) Genital (puberty on)
Organization of the Psyche (Freud) Id (pleasure principle) Ego (reality principle) Superego (moral principle)
Freud's Topographical Model Consciousness(what you are thinking) Preconscious(what can be brought into consciousness) unconscious(what can't be brought into consciousness)
Defense Mechanisms of the Ego defend self against internal/external threats.repression,regression,displacement,reaction formation,projection,rationalization,intellectualization,denial,identification,suppression,sublimation
Analytical Psychology (1) (Carl Jung) Collective unconsciousness
Major Constructs ego,personal unconscious,complexes,collective unconscious,archetypes(persona,self,anima,shadow,etc.)
Four Functions and Two Attitudes 4 functions: thinking,feeling,sensation,intuition 2 attitudes: introversion,extroversion
Individual Psychology (Alfred Adler) importance of striving for success and perfection
Erik Erikson epigenetic principle..human development progresses in sequential stages and each stage must be resolved for development to proceed unimpaired to the next
Stages of Development (Erikson) trust v. mistrust(0-1) autonomy v. shame/doubt(1-3) initiative v. guilt(3-5) industry v. inferiority(6-11) identity v. role diffusion(11-teen) intimacy v. isolation(21-40) generativity v. stagnation(40-65) integrity v. despair(65-death)
Karen Horney Social and Cultural Psychoanalysis
Erich Fromm Humanistic Psychoanalysis
Traits Approaches to Personality 1)neuroticism 2)extraversion 3)openness 4)agreeableness 5)conscientiousness
Gordon Allport Trait Theory
Hans Eysenck Three-Factor Theory
Raymond Cattell Factor-Analytic Approach
Cognitive Perspectives George Kelley. Personal constructs, interpretation of events. Constructional alternativism...we are always able to reinterpret our representation of events.
George Kelley Theory of Personal Constructs (cognitive perspective)
Humanistic Perspective
Existential Perspective
Abraham Maslow Importance of Self-Actualization
Carl Rogers Self-Theory(Person-Centered Therapy)
Rollo May Existential Analysis
Learning Theories 1)Classical Conditioning 2)Operant Conditioning 3)Social Learning
Classical Conditioning (Respondent Conditioning/Associative Learning) Pavlov.Unconditioned stimulus (food) elicits unconditioned response (salivation). Conditioned stimulus (bell ringing) elicits conditioned response (salivation)
Operant Learning/Conditioning (Stimulus-Response Theory) B.F.Skinner. Consequences of behavior determine if that behavior will increase,decrease,or remain constant in frequency.
Social Learning Bandura.
Albert Bandura Social Learning
B.F. Skinner Operant Learning/Conditioning
Ivan Pavlov Classical Conditioning
operant learning (2) (stimulus-response theory) if behavior results in unpleasant stimulus being removed the behavior is negatively reinforced and is more likely to occur the next time the unpleasant stimulus is present (b/c the behavior was effective in removing unpleasant stimulus)
operant learning (1) (stimulus-response theory) if behavior results in pleasant stimulus(consequence)the behavior is positively reinforced and will increase in frequency
negative reinforcement removal of an undesired,unpleasant, problematic,negative stimulus(such as pain)
punishment (2 types) reduces the frequency of behavior,especially when the stimulus (usually a person) administering punishment is present 1)present averse stimulus (spanking,verbal scold) 2)withdrawal positive stimulus (taking away favorite toy, turn off Tv)
social learning observe interactions in environments, learn from these observations
nominal numbers are names(not nubmers) as in Group 1 and Group 2...no math..or Groups A & B
ordinal percentile ranks
ratio
mean average
median middle
mode number most frequent
range
inclusive range highest score minus lowest score plus one
exclusive range highest score minus lowest score
variance average of the squared deviation scores from the mean distribution divided by number of observations(N)
standard deviation square root of the variance. if the variance of a distribution is 25 the standard deviation is 5
raw score number of actual points scored.
standard scores mean and standard deviation have been set at certain values
z-scores standard score mean of the distribution is set at 0 and standard deviation 1. a z-score of 2.5 scored 2.5 deviations above the mean.
t-scores standard score mean of the distribution is 50 and standard deviation is 10. t-score 65 is 1.5 s.d. above the mean.
percentile ranks percentile rank of 85 means performance was equal to or better than 85% of people taking test
normal probability curve bell curve.mean is directly in center, standard deviations pall at know percentiles along curve
bimodal distribution camel back..2 high points. data may be reflecting performance of 2 diff. groups, actual mean falls somewhere between 2 high points
skewed distribution positively skewed has tail extended toward right(higher values) negatively skewed tail to left(lower values)
observed score the resulting score a person obtains when taking a test
standard error of measurement for every test given, a SEM(a number) must be considered and subtracted out
true score the score left after the SEM or your observed score
confidence bands
correlation how measure relationship between 2 sets of paired numbers. range from -1 to +1. shows association between data but not cause/effect. correlations between -.30 and +.30 are not significant (like 0)....(reliability correlation .80 above good)
pearson product-moment correlation used with interval scale numbers
multiple regression designed to predict a single dependent variable using correlations obtained with a number of other variables
stepwise multiple regression as much variance possible by the best predictor, moves to the second, the third,etc.
factor analysis looking to find a much smaller number of underlying factors/qualities that are the essence of many separate/distinct measurements you have obtained
applied research designed around a specific problem, and the research questions when answered, will help solve 1 or more aspects of the problem...study to see if members of minority group get same rehab services as maj. group
basic research investigates the truth of existing theory or tries to discover new knowledge that will further the development of theory...investigate therapeutic value of 3 critical attitudes and values postulated by person-centered therapy
descriptive research usually investigates whether 1 or more groups differ from one another on one or more dependent variables...i.e. examine if IQ's of men and women were significantly different
experimental research form of descriptive,there is a control group,but is tries to see cause and effect...test effectiveness of new AIDS meds. one group gets meds other placebo
group research subjects sorted into groups they naturally fall or randomly into experimental groups defined by researcher
single subject research one person studied, but may cross validations of procedures with other single subjects
single case study
longitudinal case study
dependent variable factor being measured and free to vary within diff. levels of the independent variable being studied
independent variable may or may not have relationship to values taken by the dependent variable
null hypothesis statement that there will be no difference in the values taken by the dependent variable for the different levels of the independent variable being studied
type 1 error means null hypothesis was mistakenly taken as false when in fact it was true
type 2 error null hypothesis was taken as true when it was false
significance level probability value set for concluding there are in fact differences in the studied data not due to chance
sample group of subjects being studied
population the larger group the study is hoping to learn more about(usually too big to study so take a sample from)
generalizability extent to which results found for the sample can be extrapolated and applied to the population it claims to represent.
extrapolated scores
reliability test measures consistently (a reliable measurement is not necessarily valid)
validity test measures what it claims to measure (valid measure of a construct will also be a reliable one)
face validity the test looks reasonable to a person in relation to what it claims to measure...face validity cannot be measured
content validity a test adequately samples from the entire domain it intends to measure
reliability/validity coefficients reliability coefficients tend to be higher than validity coefficients b/c easier for test to predict itself reliability coefficients usually .80 or higher
test-retest reliability subjects produce similar scores on a subsequent administration of the test scores they produced on the first administration of the test
split-half reliability
parallel form reliability two or more forms/versions of same test, ex. Form A/B..give one at start other at end
criterion/predictive validity when a test score is correlated with some event beyond itself. counselors like b/c they need to predict what will happen if certain courses of action are followed
concurrent validity used to describe a particular type of criterion or predictive validity. if two tests measure same thing then should have high concurrent validity coefficient
construct validity when a test has wide acceptance as a means for measuring a construct
intelligence tests ability to solve problems and to learn and retain new information...tests measure not how much intelligence a person has but how they perform (WAIS-IV)
aptitude tests designed to measure more specific or focused areas that predict the likelihood to learn and master knowledge or skills needed for a vocation...measure future achievement/predict performance (GRE, Gen.Apt.Test Battery-GATB)
achievement tests measure how much was actually learned after the training/education was received (GED,WRAT-R)
personality tests no right or wrong answers, psychometric instruments with standardized administration, scoring and norms (MMPI-2),Calif.Psych.Invent.(CPI)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Personality Assessment Inventory
vocational interests 1) Expressed interests-what a client verbally states he/she would like to do 2) Manifest interests-activities client actually engages in and enjoys 3) tested interests-results obtained from interest inventories
1935 Social Security Act
1936 Randolph-Sheppard Act
1938 Wagner-O'Day Act
1943 Barden-Lafollette Act
1920 Smith-Fess Act
1917 Smith-Hughes Act
1918 Soldier's Rehabilitation Act
Voc. Rehab. Act Amendments of 1954
Voc. Rehab. Act Amendments of 1965
Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Title V Section 501
Title V Section 502
Title V Section 503
Title V Section 504
Rehab. Act Amendments of 1974,'76,'78
Rehab. Act Amendments of 1986
Rehab. Act Amendments of 1992
Workforce Investment Act and Rehabilitation Act Amendments of '98
Title I (Employment)
Title II (Public Services)
Title III (Public Accommodations)
Title IV (Telecommunications)
Title V (Miscellaneous Provisions)
Eligibility criteria for services from American state-federal rehabilitation program
Most typical rehabilitation objectives
Workers Compensation
Workers Compensation (Purposes)
Workers Compensation (Philosophy)
Assumption of Risks
Contributory Negligence
Fellow Servant
Other Problems in suing employers
Early Laws
Workers Compensation (Benefits)
Workers Compensation (Coverage)
Temporary Total Disability (TTD)
Permanent Total Disability (PTD)
Temporary Partial Disability (TPD)
Permanent Partial Disability (PPD)
Workers Compensation (Methods of Insurance)
Insurance Rehabilitation
Case Finding and Referral Processing
Evaluation and Assessment
Vocational Rehabilitation Plan Development
Service Delivery and Coordination
Job Placement
Follow-Up
Rehabilitation Process (VR Case Service Process)
Rehabilitation Process (Rubin/Roessler 4 separate phases)
Steps in Employability Planning
IPE (IWRP)
Job Placement Theory Client-Centered Placement
Job Placement Theory Selective Placement (aka Directive Placement)
Job-Seeking Skills Training
Sources for Job Leads
Psychosocial Aspects of Disability
Stage Models for Adjustment
Attitude and Value Changes (to successfully adjusting and coping with a disability)
Secondary Gains of a Disability
Somatopsychology
Disability in Childhood
Resolving Ethical Dilemmas
Unethical Behaviors
Beneficence
Nonmaleficence
Autonomy
Justice
Fidelity
Dual Relationships
Person-Centered Therapy (Carl Rogers)
Unconditional Positive Regard (Nonpossessive Warmth)
Empathy
Genuineness (Congruence)
Conception of Maladjustment
Person-Centered Therapy (Counseling Method)
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) Albert Ellis
The ABC Model (REBT)
Irrational Beliefs (REBT)
Therapy Process (REBT)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (Michenbaum,Beck,Ellis,Bandura)
Reality Therapy William Glasser
Questions in Reality Therapy
Reality Therapy Focus
Adlerian Therapy Alfred Adler
Transactional Analysis (T.A.) Eric Berne
Levels of Analysis (T.A.)
4 positions of T.A.
Classical Psychoanalysis & Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy
Systems Theory
Existential Therapy (1)
Existential Therapy (2)
Existential Therapy (Methods/Techniques/Goals)
Existential Therapy (Process of Counseling)
Existential Therapy (Rollo May)
Existential Therapy (Irvin Yalom)
Existential Therapy (Viktor Frankl)
Existential Therapy (James Bugental)
Carl Jung (2)
Carl Jung (3)
Carl Jung (4)
Carl Jung (5)
Psychodynamic Theory in the Present (1)
Psychodynamic Theory (2) Process of Counseling
Psychodynamic Theory (3) Methods and Techniques
Gestalt Therapy (1) Fritz Perls
Gestalt Therapy (2)
Gestalt Therapy (3)
Gestalt Therapy (4)
Ego, Personal Unconsciousness, Collective Unconsciousness (Carl Jung)
Complexes (Jung)
Archetypes (Jung)
Self-Actualization (Perls)
Projection,Retroflection,Introjection,Confluence (Perls)
Gestalt Therapy (5)
Gestalt Therapy (Methods and Techniques)
Psychotherapy (1)
Psychotherapy (2)
Psychotherapy (3)
Psychotherapy (4)
Psychotherapy (5)
Research Agendas (Psychology and Psychotherapy)
Empirically-Supported Treatments (EST)
Empirically-Supported Relationship (ESR)
Common Factors (Meta-analysis)
Outcome Management
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
Empiricism
Rationalism
Humanism
Collectivism
4 Counseling Paradigms
Organic Medical Paradigm
Psychological Paradigm
Systemic-Relational Paradigm
Contextual Paradigm
Three Waves of Psychotherapy
1st Wave
2nd Wave
3rd Wave
Individuation (Jung)
linear causality
Fictional Goals (Adler)
Family Models Structural Family Therapy Strategic Family Therapy MRI-Problem-Focused Therapy Bowenian Therapy Conjoint Family Therapy
Structural Family Therapy (Minuchin)
Strategic Family Therapy (Haley;Madanes)
MRI-Problem Focused Family Therapy (Fish,Weakland,Watzlawick,Jackson)
Bowenian Family Therapy
Conjoint Family Therapy (Satir)
First-Order Change (family therapy)
Second-Order Change (family therapy)
constructivism
social constructionism
Solution-Focused Therapy (de Shazer,Berg)
Solution-Oriented Therapy (O'Hanlen,Weiner-Davis)
Narrative Therapy (White,Epson)
Collaborative Language Systems (Anderson)
Reflecting Teams (Andersen)
assimilation
Behavioral Group Approach
Leadership Styles
Accommodations
Job Skills
Environmental Barriers
Quasi-Experimental
Approaches to Family Therapy
Random Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Horizontal Sampling
Orthotic Devices
Quantitative Research
Qualitative Research
True experimental
consumer initiative
universal design
1990 ADA
1992 ADA amendment
1998 ADA amendment
2009 ADAAA amendments
t-group
abandonment
acceptance
actualization
acute condition
acute pain
chronic pain
addiction
arbitration
assistive technology
awfulization
blaming
blocking
Brinkerhoff's 6 Stages of Evaluation
Career development
Case management
case management systems
chronic condition
closed group
open group
norms (group)
cohesion phase (group)
teamwork problems
structured therapy group
unstructured therapy group
compensation
conflict phase (group)
confrontation (group)
consensualizing
conventional morality
Kohlberg
dual-diagnosis
counter transference
counter-conditioning
genogram
group therapy
structure of spinal cord
dichotomy
difficulty index
disability
computerized evaluation
disengagement-oriented
displacement
disposition-type
distressed identification (Siller)
Directory of Occupational Titles (DOT)
double-bind (Haley)
dream analysis
duty to warn
eeg
ekg
Id, Ego, Superego (Freud)
emotional flooding
Employment Inventory (EI)
empowerment
empty chair (Gestalt)
hot seat (Gestalt)
enactment (family therapy)
energizer (group)
epigenetic
engagement-oriented
ergonomics
ex post facto
extended period of eligibility
SSI
SSDI
medicare
medicaid
extended support employment setting
extinction
failure identity
Family Medical Leave Act (1993)
Federal Employment Compensation Act
Federal-State Unemployment
fidelity
figure ground relationship (Gestalt)
forced choice test
forensic rehabilitation
free association
Functional Assessment Evaluation(FCE)
Functional Assessment Inventory (FAI)
functional capacity
functional job-matching strategy
functional limitations
gatekeeper (group)
generalized rejection (Siller)
Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)
grounded theory
handicap
Harlow
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) 1996
hemiparesis
hemplegic
high context communication
hospitalism
human capital theory
human factors engineering
impairment
imputed functional limitations
incomplete scenarios
incongruous hierarchy
independent living paradigm
individual practice association program
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
inductive logic
inferred emotional consequences
info. in a treatment plan
Integrated Developmental Model (Delworth & Stoltenberg)
Integrated employment setting
intensive case management
intensive outpatient case management
interaction strain
intermittent reinforcement
joining
Kirkpatrick's 4 Levels of Evaluation
Laisses-Faire
long-term disability insurance
low physical exertion
managed care
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
mimesis (family therapy)
monoplegia
MPSMS
multi-point item
musterbation (Ellis)
career counseling tests
coping strategies
Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)
paraplegia
paradoxal stage of pain response
paresis
stroke/CVA
placating
Plan to Achieve Self Support (PASS)
Point of Service Plan
positioning
positive group actions
probing
Public Vocational Rehabilitation Program (VR)
quadriplegia
Rene Spitz
repression
reversibility
Rorschach inkblot
job matching
strategic planning
work-hardening
mediation
American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD)
American Disabled for Accessible Public Transit (ADAPT)
attacker (group)
Client Assistance Program
Halo effect
Occupational Information Network O*NET
storyteller (group)
Ticket to Work & Workforce Incentives Improvement Act (TWWIIA)
thought stopping
TIA transient ischemic attack
top dog/underdog (Gestalt)
transferable skills
transferable skills analysis
Trial Work Period
Functional Capacity Evaluations (FCE)
United States Dept. of Veterans Affairs (VA)
basic actions according to CRCC
stages in group development
4 stages of group progression
5 stages of group
five levels of exertion
4 areas of cultural competency
4 categories in MBTI
4 main family structures
stages of adjustment to disability
steps of desensitization process
3 main disability models
3 types of arbitrators
2 categories of US Labor Dept
factors in a labor market survey
NRA
2 components when assessing functional capacity
VA established
where can person find info. on occupations
work conditioning
Self-Directed Search
Vocational Preference Inventory
Strong Interest Inventory
reliability (2) the consistency and stability of measurements. it is essentially the test predicting itself from one administration to the next. a test that cannot predict itself will be unable to predict anything else
interest inventories no right/wrong answers,ask what likes/dislikes and relate these to field of work (Strong Interest Inventory (SCI), Self-Directed Search (SDS)Gordon Occ. Checklist
Created by: khinchen
 

 



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