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PsychologyChapter7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The mental system for recieving,encoding,storing,organizing, altering, and retrieving information. | Memory |
| What are the three processes of memory? | encoding,storage,retrieval |
| Converting information into a form in which it will be retained in memory. | Encoding |
| Holding information in memory for later use. | Storage |
| Recovering information from storage in memory. | Retrieval |
| What are the three STAGES of memory? | Sensory memory,short-term memory,long-term memory. |
| The first normally unconcious stage of memory which holds an exact record of incoming information for a few seconds or less. | Sensory Memory |
| The memory system used to hold small amounts of information in our concious awareness for about a dozen seconds. | Short Term Memory (STM) |
| The memory system used for relatively permanent storage of meaningful information. | Long Term Memory (LTM) |
| What are the properties of sensory memory? | Ionic memories,echoic memory. |
| Visual sensory images | Ionic Memories |
| A brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sud is heard. | Echoic Memory |
| How long does sensory memory hold information? | Just long enough for it to be retrieved and encoded into short term memory. |
| Explain short term memory. | Stores small amounts of information. They can be encoded as images, but ore often encoded by sound.If interupted you may not remember for example a phone number. |
| Another name for short term memory,especially as it is used for thinking and roblem solving. | Working Memory |
| Explan long term memory. | The lasting storehouse for knowledge. It is ncoded on the basis of meaning. American culture emphasizes individuals, whereas chinese culture emphasizes membership. |
| Grouping letters together to reorganize information. | Chunking |
| Silently repeating or mentally reviewing information to hold it in short term memory. | Maintenance Rehearsal |
| Learning by simple repitition. | Rote Rehearsal(rote learning) |
| Memories that seem accurate but are not. Brain stimulation produces memory-like eperiences. | Pseudo-memories |
| How are long term memories organized? | Information may be arranged according to rules,images,categories,symbols,and so on. |
| A model of memory that views it as an organized system of linked information. | Network Model |
| Process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and hen following chains of related meanings. | Redintegration |
| long term memories of conitioned responses and learned skills. | Procedural Memory |
| The part of long term memory containing specific factual information. | Declarative Memory |
| The feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable. | Tip-of-Tongue State |
| The feeling that you have already experienced a situation that you are actually experiencing for the first time. | Deja vu |
| To supply or reproduce memorized information with a minimum of external cues. | Recall |
| The tendency to make the most errors in remembering the middle items of an ordered list. | Serial Position Effect |
| An ability to correctly identify previously learned information. | Recognition |
| False items included with an item to be recognized. | Distractors |
| Learning again something that was previoiusly learned. Used to measure memory of prior learning. | Relearning |
| Failure to store sufficent informationto form useful memory. | Encoding Failure |
| The fading or weakening of memories assumed to occur when memory traces become weaker. | Memory Decay |
| Theory that memory traces weaken when memories are nor periodically used or retrieved. | Disuse |
| Retrieval cues are missing when the time comes to retrieve information. | Cue Dependent Forgetting |
| Memory influenced by one's bodily state at the time of learning and at the time of retrieval.Improved memories occur when bodily states match. | State Dependent Learning |
| The tendency for new memories to impair retrieval of older memories,and the reverse. | Interference |
| Mastery of one task aids learning or performing another. | Positive Transfer |
| Mastery of one task conflicts with learning or performing another. | Negative Transfer |
| Unconciously pushing unwanted memories out of awareness. | Repression |
| To easily create false memories. | False Memory Syndrome |
| Explain how intense emotions affect one's memory. | Powerfully exciting or stressful experiences activate the limbic system,the part of the brain that processes emotions. |
| Memory created at times of high emotion that seem especially vivid. | flashbulb Memory |
| When you look for connections to existing knowledge. | Elaborative Processing |
| Any kind of memory system or aid. | Mnemonic |
| Wwhat are the four basic principles using mnemonics? | Make things meaningful,Make information Familiar,use mental pictures,form unusual associations. |
| What are three techniques for using mnemonics to remember things in order? | Form a story chain,take a mental walk,use a system. |
| A fleeting visual image that remains for about half a second after the original stimulus is gone. | Icon |
| Information is transferred from sensory memory to_____by means of__________. | Long-term memory;rehearsal |
| What is FALSE about short term memory? | It is insensitive to interference. |
| Loftus and Palmer have shown that memories are what? | At times updated,changed,or revised. |
| Ebbinghaus foud that forgetting nonsense syllables was greatest when? | Shortly after learning. |
| The fading memories are also referred as what? | Memory Decay |
| What is false about flashbulb memories? | They are usually accurate. |
| What part of the brain seems responsible for the formation of permanent memories? | Hippocampus |
| ___amnesia involves forgetting the events which followed an injury or trauma. | Anterograde |
| Eidetic imagery is what? | projected onto a blank surface,retained for at least 30 seconds, and an ability more commonly found in children. |
Created by:
jessilyn