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Atmosphere and Seve
Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Air Parcel | An imaginary body of air to which may be assigned any or all of the basic dynamic and thermodynamic properties of atmospheric air |
| Blizzard | A severe winder storm producing large amounts of falling or blowing snow that create low visibilities for extended periods of time. In the U.S., a blizzard winds must exceed 35 mi/hr, with visibilities of less than .25 mi for atleast 3 hours |
| Cold Front | An atmospheric boundary between two air masses of contrasting temperature along which the cooler air mass advances into the warmer air mass. |
| Coriolis effect | An apparent deflection in the path of a moving object. To the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The magnitude of the effect increases with increasing latitude from the equator to the poles |
| Cumulus Cloud | Any cloud that develops vertically; generally has a flat base with a cauliflower-like top; one of the three basic clouds |
| Cumulonimbus | Thunderstorm cloud that grows vertically until it reaches a stable layer of air; generally with an anvil-shaped top |
| Drought | Extended period of unusually low precipitation that produces a temporary shortage of water for people, animals, and plants |
| Dryline | An atmospheric boundary between two air masses of contrasting moisture content where the air mass with less moisture advances into the air mass with greater moisture. Common in south-central U.S., cause of severe storms |
| EF-Scale | A graduated range of values from EF0 to EF5 for describing tornado intensity based on the maximum three-second wind velocity inferred from damage to building, towers, poles, and trees. |
| fog | A cloud that is in contact with the ground |
| Funnel Cloud | A narrow, rotating cloud extending downward from a thunderstorm. This cloud may become a tornado if it reaches the ground. |
| Hail | Large rounded or irregular piece of ice that has grown while moving up and down numerous times within the clouds of a severe thunderstorm |
| Heat Index | A value on a temperature scale that describes the human body's perception of air temperature, taking into account relative humidity |
| Ice Storm | A prolonged period of freezing rain during which thick layers of ice accumulate on all cold surfaces |
| Lightning | A natural, high-voltage electrical discharge between a cloud and the ground, between clouds, or within clouds. The discharge takes a few tenths of a second and emits a flash of light that is followed by thunder |
| Occluded front | An atmospheric boundary between two air masses of contrasting temperature along which the colder air mass advances into a cool air mass and elevates warmer air above the boundary |
| Outflow Boundary | A line separating thunderstorm-cooled air from the surrounding air. This line behaves like a cold front with both a wind shift and drop in temperature. In large thunderstorms complexes this boundary may persist for more than 24 hrs and provide new storms |
| Ozone | A pungent, strongly reactive form of oxygen gas that is most abundant in the stratosphere, where it protects the Earth surface from high levels of ultraviolet radiation. In the lower atmosphere it is an air pollutant |
| Relative Humidity | A measure of the amount of water vapor in the air compared to the amount that would saturate the air at a given temperature and pressure; commonly expressed as a percentage |
| Return Stroke | In cloud-to-ground lightning, the component that involves the downward flow of electrons. Electron flow starts near the ground and is then initiated as successively higher points in a channel of ionized air. This flow produces the first bright light |
| Squall Line | A line of thunderstorms often accompanied by high winds and heavy rain; commonly forms in advance of a cold front or dryline and can produce tornadoes |
| Stepped Leader | In cloud-to-ground lightning, a channel of ionized air that approaches the ground in a series of nearly invisible bursts. This channel becomes the path for the luminous return stroke |
| Stationary Front | Transition zone between two different air masses, commonly with contrasting temperature, that moves very little |
| Stratosphere | Zone in Earth's atmosphere above the troposphere where the air temperature is either constant or warms with increasing altitude; contains significant quantities of ozone, which protects life from high levels of ultraviolet radiation. |
| Tornado | A destructive, commonly funnel-shaped cloud of violently rotating winds that extends downward from a severe thunderstorm to reach Earth's surface |
| Troposphere | Lowermost layer of the atmosphere defined by a general decrease in temperature with increasing height above Earth's surface |
| Warm Front | An atmospheric boundary between two air masses of contrasting temperature along which the warmer air mass advances into the cooler air mass |
| Warning | With the respect to natural hazards, the announcement of a possible hazardous event, such as a large earthquake or flood, that could occur in the near future |
| Watch | With respect to weather, an alert issued by a forecast office that meteorological conditions are favorable for severe weather, such as a tornado, hurricane, severe thunderstorm, winter storm, or flash flood |
| Wind Chill | The influence of wind on the perception and actual effect of cold air. Meteorological agencies have developed a wind chill index based on how the human body loses heat in the cold and wind |
| Wind Shear | A change in the speed or direction of the wind along a given direction. |
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