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Chapter 5 Vocabulary
Psych 199-Developing Healthier Behaviors
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the process by which plants and animals consume & utilize foods | nutrition |
| essential food elements that provide energy and the building blocks of muscle, bone, & other tissues; protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, & minerals | nutrients |
| organic molecules that comprise the basic building blocks of body tissues | proteins |
| organic compounds from which the body manufactures proteins | amino acids |
| organic compounds forming the structural parts of plants that are important sources of nutrition for animals & humans | carbohydrates |
| complex carbohydrates that form the structural parts of plants (i.e. cellulose & pectin) that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes | dietary fiber |
| organic compounds that form the basis of fatty tissue of animals, including humans (body fat), & are also found in some plant materials | fats |
| organic substances needed by the body in small amounts to maintain essential bodily processes | vitamins |
| metabolic waste that may damage cell membranes and genetic material | free radicals |
| a bone disorder primarily affecting older people in which the bones become porous, brittle, & more prone to fracture | osteoporosis |
| a widely used index of weight that takes into account a person's height | body mass index (BMI) |
| food energy; scientifically, units expressing the ability to raise temperature or give off body heat | calories |
| cells that contain fat; adipose tissue | fat cells |
| an eating disorder characterized by maintenance of an abnormally low body weight, intense fear of weight gain, a distorted body image, and in females, lack of menstruation | anorexia nervosa |
| an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging and by persistent overconcern with body shape and weight | bulimia nervosa |
| the years just prior to puberty | prepubescence |
| exercise that requires sustained increase in oxygen consumption (i.e. jogging, swimming, or riding a bicycle) | aerobic exercise |
| exercise that doesn't require sustained increase in oxygen consumption (i.e. weightlifting) | anaerobic exercise |
| the ability to perform physically demanding tasks without undue fatigue. cardiovascular forms refers to the ability of the heart and lungs to function under stress | fitness |
| known as good cholesterol because it sweeps away cholesterol deposits from artery walls for elimination from the body, lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease | high-density lipoproteins (HDL) |
| a disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or remaining asleep | insomnia |
| continued use of a substance despite knowledge that it is dangerous or that it is linked to social, occupational, psychological, or physical problems | substance abuse |
| dependence shown by signs such as persistent use despite efforts to cut down, marked tolerance, & withdrawal symptoms | substance dependence |
| the body's habituation to a drug, so that with regular use, increasingly higher doses of the drug are needed to achieve similar effects | tolerance |
| a term used to describe alcohol dependence, which is characterized by impaired control over the use of alcohol and development of a physiological dependence on the drug | alcoholism |
| a condition characterized by sweating, restlessness, disorientation, and hallucinations | delirium tremens |
| gross confusion. loss of sense of time, place, & the identity of people | disorientation |
| drugs that decrease the rate of activity of the central nervous system | depressants |
| the part of the body's nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord | central nervous system (CNS) |
| a group of depressants derived from the opium poppy, or similar in chemical structure, that are used to relieve pain, but that can also provide a euphoric rush | opioids |
| a drug, such as heroin, with pain-relieving and sleep-inducing properties that has a strong addictive potential | narcotic |
| addictive depressants used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep | barbiturates |
| a drug that increases the rate of activity of the central nervous system | stimulants |
| a mild, but highly addictive stimulant drug found in tobacco | nicotine |
| inhaling smoke from other people's tobacco products. also known as second-hand smoking | passive smoking |
| a class of stimulant drugs, including methamphetamine, which can increase states of alertness & induce pleasurable feelings | amphetamines |
| an amphetamine-like drug that has mild euphoric and hallucinogenic effects | ecstasy |
| drugs that cause hallucinations and delusions or heighten perceptions | psychedelics |
| perceptions in the absence of sensation that are confused with reality | hallucinations |
| the acronym for lysergic acid diethylamide, a hallucinogenic drug | LSD |
| distorted perceptions or hallucinations that mimic the LSD experience but occur long after usage | flashbacks |
| a potent drug derived from the resin of the marijuana plant | hashish |
Created by:
rrparikh23
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