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Chapter 4 Vocabulary
Psych 199-Psychological Factors & Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the field of psychology that studies the relationships btwn psychological factors (i.e. attitudes, beliefs, situational influences, & overt behavioral patterns) and the prevention & treatment of physical illness | health psychology |
| Selye's term for a hypothesized three-stage response to stress | General adaptation syndrome (GAS) |
| the first stage of the GAS, which is "triggered" by the impact of a stressor & characterized by activity of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system | alarm stage |
| Cannon's term for an innate adaptive response to the perception of danger | fight-or-flight reaction |
| a body system involved in regulating many bodily processes & consisting of ductless glands that empty their secretions, called hormones, directly into the bloodstream | endocrine system |
| the part of the nervous system that regulates glands & involuntary activities (i.e. heartbeat, respiration, digestion & dilation of the pupils of the eyes) | autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
| the division of the ANS that is most active during activities & emotional responses (i.e. anxiety & fear) that spend's the body's reserves of energy | sympathetic nervous system |
| the division of the ANS that is most active during processes that restore the body's reserves of energy (i.e. digestion) | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| a small, pea-sized structure in the brain involved in regulating many bodily processes, including hunger, sleep, emotions, and body temperature | hypothalamus |
| hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that increase resistance to stress in ways such as fighting inflammation & causing the liver to release stores of sugar (also called steroidal hormones) | corticosteroids |
| high blood pressure | hypertension |
| substances secreted by endocrine glands that regulate various bodily functions | hormones |
| the second stage of the GAS, characterized by prolonged sympathetic activity in an effort to restore lost energy & repair damage (also called the adaptation stage) | resistance stage |
| the third stage of the GAS, characterized by weakened resistance and possible deterioration | exhaustion stage |
| anxiety as a personality variable, or persistent trait | trait anxiety |
| a temporary condition of anxiety that may be attributed to a specific situation | state anxiety |
| the system of the body that recognizes & destroys foreign agents (antigens) that invade the body | immune system |
| microscopic organisms (i.e. bacteria or virus) that can cause disease | pathogens |
| white blood cells | leukocytes |
| substances that stimulate the body to mount an immune system response | antigens |
| substances formed by white blood cells that recognize and destroy antigens | antibodies |
| increased blood flow to an injured area of the body, resulting in redness, warmth, & increased supply of white blood cells | inflammation |
| the field that studies the relationships between psychological factors (i.e. attitudes & overt behavioral patterns) and the functioning of the immune system | psychoneuroimmunology |
| the view that health & illness are a function of multiple factors involving biological, psychological, & cultural domains (and their interactions) | multifactorial model |
| a throbbing headache caused by wavelike firing of neurons on the brain, which creates ripples of neural activity that reach pain centers in the brain stem | migraine headache |
| a neurotransmitter, imbalances of which have been linked to mood disorders, anxiety, insomnia, & changes in appetite | serotonin |
| the chemical messengers in the nervous system that carry nerve signals from one nerve cell to another | neurotransmitters |
| hormones that initiate pain messages and also cause muscle fibers in the uterine wall to contract, as during labor | prostaglandins |
| a cluster of physical & psychological symptoms that afflict some women prior to menstruation | premenstrual syndrome (PMS) |
| a neurotransmitter that appears to help calm anxiety reactions | gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
| relating to an agent that gives rise to cancerous changes | carcinogenic |
| acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, which makes up genes and chromosomes & carries genetic information from generation to generation | DNA |
Created by:
rrparikh23
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