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Barrons Psychology 3
Practice test #3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what was William Wundt's most important accomplishment? | Set up a laboratory and focused on empirical evidence that could be replicated |
| who would agree with the saying "behavior is a result of the combination of reinforcers and punishers"? | B.F.Skinner |
| Choosing 20 people at random from a class of 400 is an example of...? | random sampling |
| what technique controls for experimenter and subject bias | double blind study |
| damage to occipital lobe would affect which sense? | sight |
| in the 3-box information processing model, what is the first place memories are stored? | sensory memory |
| medication that would help depression would have large amounts of | serotonin |
| if someone got in a car crash, what brain scan would help the most? | MRI |
| reaction to shocks are controlled by what parts of the nervous system | sympathetic nervous system |
| children who are able to regain physical and mental abilities quicker than older patients have more what? | brain plasticity |
| people only use 10% of their brains is disproven by which brain scan | PET |
| what is responsible for color vision | cones |
| human senses can be divided into what two major catagories? | energy and chemical |
| turning up the volume on a music player changes what aspect of sound | amplitude of the wave |
| a person can taste one gram of salt in a glass of water. what concept is this | absolute threshold |
| musicians ability to distinguish between two similar pitches use what concept | difference threshold |
| our ability to perceptual depth depends on what other perceptual abilities | monocular and binocular cues |
| REM causes what side effects | interference with memory tasks |
| which two competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis | role theory and dissociation theory |
| what is the first step in an any example of classical conditioning | pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a conditioned stimulus |
| an A+ course grade is what kind of reinforcer | primary |
| a researcher who concludes that people who watch graphic violence in films are more likely to behave violent is researching what kind of learning | observational |
| memory research says that memories can be physically stored in the brain through strengthened connections between brain neurons. this process is called | long term potentiation |
| mnemonic devices like "fat cats go down alleys eating bread" are examples of what | chunking |
| recognizing someone at a store and remembering their name is an example of what kind of retrieval | recall |
| what leads to a constructed memory | leading questions |
| Maslows hierarchy of needs says that each person is motivated by what | satisfying needs from the next step in the hierarchy |
| the brain structure involved in hunger motivation | hypothalamus |
| which kinds of motivations are best encourage positive behaviors to persist over long periods of time | intrinsic motivation |
| a researcher tests a problem by questioning 10 year olds, 20 year olds, and 30 year olds. what method is he using | cross sectional |
| what is a newborn reflex that help infants find and eat food | rooting |
| Mary Ainsworth left babies in a room alone. what developmental concept was she studying | attachment |
| what developmental stage explained how infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age influence later personality characteristics | Erikson's psychosocial stage theory |
| what would piaget test in order to determine whether a child is in the pre operational or concrete operational stage of cognitive development | concepts of conservation |
| according to Freud, what is the dominant factor determining our personality traits | unconscious conflicts |
| what is a common way to categorize personality traits | the big 5 |
| a pencil and paper personality tests that places a person in one of several personality categories is based on what personality theory | trait |
| what is an important technique used by Maslow and humanistic psychologists during therapy | unconditional positive regard |
| what personality theorist is most likely to use a projective test | psychoanalyst |
| what kind of test is most likely to be an achievement test | a classroom test over the subjects studied |
| the ability to solve a new computer game depends on what kind of intelligence | fluid |
| which of the following applies to IQ tests? achievement, standardized, projective, triarchic, crystallized | standardized |
| a person who experiences flashbacks and nightmares after a car accident is diagnosed with what psychological disorder | anxiety disorder |
| what symptom is common among all the somatoform disorders | experiences physical problem without a physical cause |
| psychogenic amnesia and fugue states are both indications of which kind of psychological disorder | dissociative |
| people who suffer from depression have low levels of what | serotonin |
| how is a person diagnosed with schizophrenia different from someone diagnosed with dissociative disorder | schizophrenia experiences hallucinations |
| what is the principal tool used in all forms of psychotherapy | talking to a patient |
| why are psychoanalysts sometimes interested in talking with a patient about dreams | dream symbols represent unconscious conflicts |
| what kind of therapy is most likely used by somatic therapist | chemotherapy |
| what kind of therapy is no longer used | prefrontal lobotomy |
| which therapist prescribes lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder | psychiatrist |
| a environmental group includes free first when asking for contributions. what are they trying to use | compliance strategy |
| a teacher is worried that looking at past grades might influence how she thinks about her students. what effect is she trying to avoid | self-fulfilling prophecy |
| what factors are ignored when people create the fundamental contribution error | situational |
| what principle best explained prejudice | ingroup bias |
| Sherif's robbers cave study indicates which principle reduces tensions between groups | superordinate goals |
| Milgrams obedience study was criticized on what ethical grounds | risking psychological harm |
| what makes psychoanalytic perspective different from the other psychological perspectives | they focus on the unconscious mind |
| if a distribution of scores includes one or more outliers, what measure should be used | median |
| what helps a researcher determine the significance of the difference between the mean scores of experimental and control groups | inferential statistics |
| how do neurons communicate | chemicals travel from one neuron to another, influencing whether a neuron will fire or not |
| someone who has difficulty making muscle movements needed to produce accurate speech might damage what area of their brain | broca's area |
| which of the following structures is located at the most central and protected part of the brain | medulla |
| Phineas Gage case study was significant because | if was one of the first well documented examples of a specific brain area being associated with a set of physical and emotional changes |
| an artist doing a pencil drawing would use what to add depth | linear perspective |
| In Pavlov's experiment, dogs began to salivate whenever they heard any sound similar to a bell. what term describes this | discrimination |
| Garcia and Keolling's learned that aversions with what UCS and CS are the most powerful | nausea and food or drink |
| why might a researcher use a variable ratio of reinforcement rather than a fixed ratio | variable ratio schedules of reinforcements are more resistant to extinction than fixed schedules |
| knowledge of different categories of tress and where hey grow is what kind of long-term memory | semantic |
| remembering how to tie a tie is an example of what kind of memory | implicit |
| what most influences a person's sexual orientation | hormones released in the womb |
| A person who believe that all students want to learn and creates a classroom that encourages this intrinsic motivation is using what management style | theory y |
| what affects the speed of motor development the most | myelination of brain neurons |
| what is the difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting | authoritative parents set and enforce rules, but explain and emphasize the rationale behind the rules |
| should someone tell a small lie in order to prevent someone's feelings from being hurt? is a question that would be asked for someone studying who's concept? | lawrence kohlberg |
| what is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory | the evidence fro his method was based only on his therapy sessions and was not tested scientifically |
| someone who fails an important exam and reacts by spending more time studying has what kind of control | internal |
| how would you interpret an IQ score of 145 | three standard deviations about the average score of 100 |
| what is the most common characteristics of psychologial disorders | maladaptive, disturbing, unusual, irrational |
| what is one of the key factors that differentiate major depression from periods of sadness that everyone experiences | people who experiences major depression are sad for longer than two weeks without an obvious cause |
| what would be helpful to avoid groupthink | encourage contrary opinions within the group |
| what increased conformity in Asch's study | size of the group |
| what kind of therapy involves behavioral and cognitive interventions | systematic desensitization |
| what is the purpose of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders | to list diagnoses and symptoms so that psychologists and others can help diagnose psychological disorders |
| differentiate between reliability and validity | a test can be reliable but not valid |
| what would a psychometrician say if a person takes a personality test that tells a person she is an extrovert, but once she retakes the tests she comes up an introvert | the test has low reliability |
| Bandura believes that personality results from the interaction of which factors | traits, the environment, and behavior |
| how would piaget describe the process of learning something new using terminology from his cognitive development | when we can't assimilate new information, we change our schemas through accommodation |
| what is stanley schacter's two factor theory of emotion | a combination of psychological changes and our cognitive interpretations combine to produce our emotional experiences |
| a patient eats half a bowl of M and Ms, then stops. What motivation explains this drive? | the patient is eating until he reaches homeostasis |
| Chomsky and Skinner's theories about language differentiate mainly | language acquisition device |
| what is the major difference between negative reinforcement and punishment | punishments decrease the frequency of a behavior and negative reinforcements increase the frequency of a behavior |
| what is the difference between classical and operant conditioning | classical involves pairing stimuli, and operant involves pairing a response with a stimulus |
| withdrawal symptoms are mores directly caused by | tolerance |
| a person suffering from a skin rash finds her pain is temporarily relieved by itching. She does not perceive the pain from the rash while she is itching, but the pain returns soon after she stops itching. what concept is this | opponent-process theory |
| what method would be used to study "people who conserve energy by buying hybrid cars are more likely to spend more money on organic foods" | correlation |
| why can experiments determine casual relationships when no other research methed can | experiments isolate the effects of independent variables on dependent variables |
| a psychologist who advises his patient to write about his depressed thoughts and prescribes medication is from what perspective | behavioral and socio cultural |
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