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Drugs for 521
Pharmacology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acetylcholine | Muscarinic and Nicotinic agonist, hydrolysis by AchE and BchE, used investigationally |
| Carbamylcholine | muscarinc and nicotinic agonist, slower hydrolysis by AchE and BchE, used for open angle gloucoma (contract ciliary muscle) |
| Pilocarpine | Passes through the BBB, high selectivity for musc over nic receptors, slow hydrolysis by AchE and BchE, treat open and narrow angle glaucoma, dry mouth, treat musc antagonist poisoning |
| 9 Adverse effects of muscarinic antagonist | dry mouth, dry eyes, photophobia, blurred near vision, tachycardia, inhibit sweating, urinary retention, constipation, CNS Effects (drowsiness, confustion ect) |
| Atropine | Musc. antagonist, |
| Scopolamine | musc antagonist, used for motion sickness treatment, lipid soluble |
| Nicotine | Nicotinic agonist-ganglionic stimulant, low doses stimulate SNS and PSNS neurons, high doses have initial stimulation then a blockade |
| Hexamethonium and Mecamylamine | Ganglionic blocker-nicotinic antagonist, compete with acetylcholine for binding spot (blocks), causes total blockade of ANS, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia, photophobia etc. |
| d-tubocurarine | non depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, nicotinic receptor blocker Nm, causes weakness followed by paralysis, no effect on pain, reversible with AchE inhibitors |
| Succinylcholine | depolarizing neuromuscular blockers, Nm agonists, initial depolarizations causing fasciculations leading to paralysis, fast onset, not reversible by AchE |
| Dantrolene | Blocks Ca release preventing muscle contraction |
| Botulinum toxin | irreversible block of Ach release---muscle paralysis |
| edrophonium | competitive agonist of AchE, short duration reversible, used to diagnose myasthenia gravis |
| Neostigmine and pyridostigmine | carbamates, slow reversible block of AchE, treat MG reverse of nondepolarizing neuromusc. blockade |
| Physostigmine | carbamate, slow reversible block, good CNS penetration, treat OAG, alz, antimusc poisoning |
| Donepezil | noncarbamate, slow reversible block, good CNS penetration, treat alz |
| Echothiophate | organophosphate, irreversible AchE inhibitor, treat open angle glaucoma |
| Phenylephrine | alpha 1 agonist, causes mydriasis, CVshock, slows abs. of local anesthetics, nasal and ocular decongestion |
| Oxymetazoline and tetrahydrozoline | alpha 1 agonism and some alpha 2 agonism, mainly used for nasal and ocular decongestion |
| Clonidine and methyldopa | alpha 2 agonists, treat hypertension, reduce anxiety symptoms, analgesia, veterinary medicines, causes sedation, dry mouth, and rebound hypertension |
| isoproterenol | nonselective B1 and B2 agonist, increased rate and force of cardiac contraction, bronchodilation |
| albuterol and terbutaline | B2 agonist, treatment of asthma, bronchodilation, incrase cilliary activity, decrease mast cell activity (inflammation) |
| Ritodrine | B2 agonist, to relax uterus |
| tyramine | IASA, release NE, if taken with MAOI a massive increase in BP will occur and vasoconstriction |
| Ephedrine | IASA, bronchodilation B2, nasal decongestion B1, relase of NE and E causes CNS effects, is abused |
| Pseudoephedrine | IASA indirect acting, nasal decongestion, not as highly abused |
| Amphetamine | IASA indirect acting, more lipid soluble for more CNS stimulation, appetite suppression, treat ADHD, narcolepsy, high abuse potential |
| Methamphetamine | widely abused IASA |
| Phenoxybenzamine | alpha 1 & 2 antagonist, irreversible blockade, vasodilation and hypotension, tachycardia due to barorecptor reflex |
| Phentolamine | reversible block of alpha 1 and 2 receptors, control hypertension |
| Prazozin | alpha 1 antagonism, reversible, cause less tachycardia and arrhythmias, treat hypertension, CHF, peripheral vascular disease, hemmorrhagic shock, and benign prostatic hypertrophy (first dose phen---faint <---given at night) |
| Tamsulosin | antagonist with alpha 1 a selectivity, used to treat BPH---these a1a receptors are found mainly in the prostate, so it helps with urination |
| Yohimbine | alpha 2 blockers, increase SNS outflow, treatment of psycogenic impotence, postural hypotension |
| Propranolol | nonselective B Blocker, decrease HR, FC, CO, automaticity,inhibit renin release, slight bronchoconstriction |
| atenolol | B1 antagonists (also block B2s) similar to nonselective B antagonists |
| Pindolol | ISA, partial B agonist, reduce bradycardia in patients with excessive cardiac slowing, preserve B2 activity |
| Labetalol and Carvedilol | Antagonist of B and A receptors, varying activity, one is better than the other in certain situations |
Created by:
ciolagh
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