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Mendels law of segregation
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heterzygous
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EOC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mendels law of segregation | separation of 2 alleles into separate cells. meiosis produces haploid clels. only during meiosis 1 to produce 4 haploid cell |
| heterzygous | individual with 2 differnt alleles of particuler gene |
| what cant be observed in a monohybrid cross | law of independent cross which requires 2 or more pairs of alleles |
| during a test cross | where an idividual with a dominant phenotype and unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype |
| test cross | used to determine genotype of an individual with the dominate pheotype the individual exhibits the recessive pheontype. |
| pleitrophy | one gene affecting more then one pheotypic trait |
| sex linked genes | located on sex chromosome |
| sex influenced genes | genes that are autosomal but are expressed differently in amales than in femals. depens if they are male or female |
| genetic divisity | maintained by mutation and genetic transfer but not binary fussion |
| horizontal transfer | acquirring genes from another speiceies |
| capsid | protein coat of virus |
| viral attachment | speicific to a particular cell type because virus recognizes and bindsto specific molecules on surface of host cell |
| reverse transcriptase | enzyme that produces dna from viral rna genome but cant froofreed so mutations increase |
| viroids and prions | prions: proteins that causes diseas viroids: rna molecuels that cause disease |
| what are vectors dervived | ffrom plasmids and viruses |
| restriction enzymes | cut dna and produce sticky end on dna fragments and are naturally produced in bacteria and prevent viral infection |
| dna library | produced by isolating mRNA from cell and using reverse transcriptatse to make dna molecuels is called a cDNA library |
| how do scientist identify colonies that contain gene of intersest | they screen with probe that is complementary to gene of interset |
| southern blotting | allows researchers to detect a particular dna sequence in a mix of many dna fragments |
| bioremdiation | uses microorganism to reduce polluition |
| organisms that carry genes that are introduced using molcular techniquies | transgenics and genetically modified organisms |
| dna fingerprinting | used to identify straubs if bacteria, tool for criminal cases, genetic relationships between peole, and determine identities |
| how did meseleson and stahl disvover semi conservative was right model | used isotopes of nitrogen to determine newly synthezisd dna moleucles. analyzied differences |
| dna primase | doesnt not produce ozaki fragemtns but it produces short rna primers wheich allow dna polymerase to dna nucleotides and also make okazaki fragemtns |
| evolution of dna polymerase | gene duplication followed by mutations alter activity of polymerase |
| codon | is rna not dna |
| product of structual gene | mRNA |
| structural gene | dna sequence codes for amino acid sequences. |
| rRNA and tRNA | dont code for amino acid |
| ribosome | the organelle where translation takes place |
| anticodon | region of tRNA that is complemetnary to triplet or mRNA |
| during intiation of translation | 1st codon is AUG and enters P site and assocatiate with intitiator tRNA |
| peptidyl transfer reaction | movement of polypeptide from tRNA in P site to tRNA in a site |
| polycitstronic mRNA | mRNA produced from operon |
| in the lac operon | repressor binds to the operator to inhibit transcription |
| TrP operon | is considered a reperssible operon because structural genes are necessary for tryptplant synthesis are not expressed when the trytophan levels are high |
| mitotic | used for reproduction (assexual) and multicellular |
| a replicated chromosome | composed of 2 sister chromatids associated at the entromere |
| haploid number of chromosomes | only in meiosis 2 |
| where is homologous chromosome synapse | during meiosis but not during mitosis |
| crossing over | exchange of material between homologous chromosomes |
| nondisjunction | results in aneoploidy which is the addition or substraction of single chromosome |
Created by:
newmee32