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RN Pharm Exam 2

Key Concepts

QuestionAnswer
Anatacids aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel) -Neutralizes gastric acid -Can be used to treat hyperphosphatemia related to chronic renal failure (CRF)
Histamine-2 Blockers ranitidine (Zantac) Decreases gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) lansprazole (Prevacid) Suppresses gastric acid secretion by inhibiting potassium/ Hydrogen ATPase enzyme in gastric parietal cells
Osmotic Laxative lactulose (Cephulac) -DOC to treat ammonia toxicity r/t hepatic encephalopathy -Elevated ammonia levels adversely affects CNS
Antihistamine Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) Blocks histamine receptors (H1) reducing allergic response
Antidiarrheals Diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil) -Opiate-related/CSS V -Slows GI motility by direct action on nerve fibers
Bronchodilators Beta-2-adrenergic agonists/albuterol (Proventil) -Relaxes Bronchial smooth muscle -Central Nervous System simulation/sympathomimetic -DOC acute asthma attack
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Montelukast (Singulair) Binds with Leukotriene receptors to inhibit smooth muscle contraction thus preventing bronchoconstriction
Inhaled Glucocorticoids (Steroids) Beclomethasome (Vanceril) -Antiinflammatory action -Use of of inhaled glucocorticoids reduces adrenal suppression
Mucolytics Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) Liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions
Antihypertensives Beta-1-adrenergic blockers (Beta Blockers) metoprolol (Lopressor) propranolol (Inderal) -Blocks beta-1 receptors lowering heart rate thus lowering blood pressure -Propranolol cantraindicated in clients with respiratory disorders
Antihypertensives Alpha Adrenergic Blockers prazosin (Minipress) -Dilates peripheral blood vessels -Can be used to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Antihypertensives ACE inhibitors captopril (Capoten) Inhibits formation of angiotension II and blocks release of aldosterone -Sodium loss, Potassium Retention
Antihypertensives Calcium Channel Blockers -Vasodilation of peripheral and coronary arteries. -Used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris related to myocardial ischemia
Cardic Glycosides digoxin (Lanoxin) -Positive inotropic action -Negative chronotropic -Used to treat heart failure, A-flutter or A-fib
Antianginals Nitroglycerin(NTG) -Universal vasodilator=dilates arteries and veins over all body -Reduces preload and afterload DOC for angina pectoris related to myocardial ischemia
Diuretics Thiazides Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) -Promotes Sodium, Potassium, and water excretion -Arteriolar vasodilation
Diuretics High Loop Furosemide (Lasix) Promotes Sodium, Potassium water excretion
Diuretics Potassium-Sparing Triamterene (Dyrenium) Blocks action of Aldosterone -Causes Potassium Retention
Thrombolytics Altepase (Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tpa) -Dissolves existing blood clots! -Thromboembolism
Antilipidemics HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors/ "Statins" -Inhibit hepatic enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase thus lowering hepatic cholesterol production -LDL="Bad Cholesterol" -HDL="Good Cholesterol"
Antilipidemics Cholesterol absorption inhibitor/ezetimibe (Zetia) inhibits cholesterol absorption in small intestines
Antilipidemics Nicotinic acid (Niacin/ vitamin B2 Lowers LDLs
Anticoagulants Heparin and Warfarin (Coumadin) Anticoagulants inhibit blood clot formation -Heparin prevents conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin -Heparin administered subQ or IV
Anticoagulants Heparin and Warfarin (Coumadin) -Warfarin (Coumadin) depresses formation of Vitamin K dependant clotting factors -Warfarin (Coumadin) PO -Common uses include prevention of venous thrombosis (DVT)
Antiemetics Odanestron (Zofran) -Blocks serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in CTZ -Indicated for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
Created by: alnicho44
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