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AP Psych Ch 06
Consciousness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consciousness The general state of being aware of and responsive to events in the environment, as well as one's own mental processes | |
| Circadian Rhythms Internally generated patterns of body functions, including hormonal signals, sleep, blood pressure, and temperature regulation, which have approximately a 24-hour cycle and occur even in the absence of normal cues about whether it is day | |
| Electroencephalogram (EEG) Graphical record of brain-wave activity obtained through electrodes placed on the scalp and forehead | |
| Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Stage of sleep characterized by high-frequency, low-amplitude brain-wave activity, rapid and systematic eye movements, more vivid dreams, and postural muscle paralysis | |
| Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep Four distinct stages of sleep during which no rapid eye movements occur. | |
| Insomnia Problems in going to sleep or maintaining sleep | |
| Dream A state of consciousness that occurs during sleep, usually accompanied by vivid visual, tactile, or auditory imagery. | |
| Lucid Dream Dream in which the dreamer is aware of dreaming while it is happening | |
| Manifest Content The overt story line, characters, and setting of a dream-the obvious, clearly discernible events of the dream | |
| Latent Content The deeper meaning of a dream, usually involving symbolism hidden meaning, and repressed or obscured ideas and wishes | |
| Collective Unconscious Jung's theory of a shared storehouse of primitive ideas and images that are inherited ideas and images, called archetypes, are emotionally charged and rich in meaning and symbolism | |
| Descriptive Studies A type of research method that allows researchers to measure variables so that they can develop a description of a situation or phenomenon | |
| Biofeedback A process through which people receive information about the status of a physical system and use this feedback information to learn to control the activity of that system | |
| Mediation The use of a variety of techniques including concentration, restriction of incoming stimuli, and deep relaxation to produce a state of consciousness characterized by a sense of detachment. | |
| Drug Any chemical substance that, in small amounts, alters biological or cognitive processes or both | |
| Psychoactive Drug A drug that alters behavior, thought, or perception by altering biochemical reactions in the nervous system, thereby affecting consciousness | |
| Tolerance The characteristic of requiring higher and higher doses of a drug to produce the same effect. | |
| Dependence The situation that occurs when the drug becomes part of the body's functioning and produces withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued | |
| Blood-Brain Barrier A mechanism that prevents certain molecule from entering the brain but allows others to cross | |
| depressants (AKA sedative-hypnotics) Any of a class of drugs that relax and calm a user and, in higher doses, induce sleep; also known as a depressant | |
| opiates (AKA narcotics) Drugs derived from the opium poppy, including opium, morphine, and heroin | |
| Stimulant A drug that increases alertness, reduces fatigue, and elevates mood | |
| hallucinogens (AKA psychedelic drugs) Consciousness-altering drugs that affect moods, thoughts, memory, judgment, and perception and that are consumed for the purpose of producing those results | |
| Substance Abuser A person who overuses and relies on drugs to deal with everyday life | |
| Withdrawal Symptoms The Reaction experienced when a substance abuser stops using a drug with dependence properties | |
| preconscious level of consciousness that is outside awareness but contains feelings and memories that can easily be brought into conscious awareness | |
| unconscious level of consciousness that includes unacceptable feelings, wishes, and thoughts not directly available to conscious awareness | |
| nonconscious the level of consciousness devoted to processes completely unavailable to conscious awareness (e.g., fingernails growing) | |
| REM (rapid eye movement) sleep sleep stage when the eyes move about, during which vivid dreams occur; brain very active but skeletal muscles paralyzed | |
| hypnosis state with deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility |
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