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SParks PS Matter
Vocabulary Review Matter PS 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| atom | the smallest part of an element that cannot be broken down by ordinary physical and chemical means |
| proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus |
| neutron | particle in nucleus without a charge |
| electron | negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus |
| atomic number | equals the number of protons |
| mass number | equals the number of protons plus neutrons |
| ion | a charged particles (caused by gaining or losing electrons) |
| isotope | forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different neutron number |
| group | a column in the periodic table |
| period | a row across in the periodic table |
| maximum number of electrons in the first energy level | 2 |
| maximum number of electrons in all energy levels except the first | 8 |
| electron dot formula | diagram with the element's symbol and a dot for each electron in its outer ring |
| valence electron | electrons in the outer ring |
| only electrons that can react | valence (outer ring) electrons |
| nobel gases | Group 18 or VIIIA elements |
| halogens | name for group 17 (VIIA) elements |
| metals | elements that conduct heat and electricity well; left of zigzag line |
| nonmetals | elements that do not conduct heat or electricity well; right of zigzag line |
| metalloids | elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals |
| subscript | small number written after and lower than an element to make stable compounds (show ratios) |
| superscript | small numbers with charge written after and above an element to show its charge |
| coefficient | large number written before elements or compounds to create balanced equations |
| evaporation | change of state from liquid to gas |
| condensation | change of state from gas to liquid |
| How to calculate neutron numbers | mass number minus atomic number |
| physical property | describes characteristics that can be observed with the senses or measured |
| chemical property | describes how an element is able to react (reactivity, combustibility) |
| physical change | a change that does not create new substances (tearing, melting) |
| chemical change | a change that does create new substances |
| acid | substance that gives off hydrogen ions in water; pH less than 7 |
| base | substance that gives off hydroxide (OH-) ions in water; pH greater than 7 |
| combustibility | the ability to burn |
| salt | substance created when an acid and base react; creates salt and water |
| mixture | two or more substances that are not chemically combined |
| symbol | 1-2 letter abbreviation for an element |
| formula | elements and their ratios in a compound (Ex H20) |
| ionic compound | compound formed because of attraction of opposite charges |
| covalent compound | compound formed to share electrons (especially 2 nonmetals and anything with carbon) |
| fusion | nuclear reaction in which two smaller nuclei join to form a larger nucleus |
| fission | nuclear reaction in which one nucleus breaks into smaller ones |
| reactants | beginning substances in a chemical reaction |
| products | ending substances in a chemical reaction |
| endothermic reaction | a reaction that requires the input of heat |
| exothermic reaction | a reaction that gives off heat |
Created by:
swparks72
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