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YTI Class 7-23-07
YTI Class 7-23-07 Med Term Chapt 4 Review
| Question OR Word Part | Answer OR Meaning |
|---|---|
| What is diagnosis? | Identification of a disease or condition by scientific evaluation of physical signs, symptoms, history, tests and procedures. |
| What is prognosis? | Predicted outcome of a disease. |
| What is acute? | A disease having a short relatively severe course. |
| What is chronic? | A disease showing little change or a slow progression (exists over a long period of time). |
| What is a sign? | An objective, or difinitive, evidence of a disease as perceived by an examiner such as fever, rash, or evidence established by testing. |
| What is a symptom? | It is subjective evidence of a disease as perceived by the patient such as pain. |
| What diagnostic terms are used to describe the signs and symptoms of a disease? | 1. Clinical studies (ie: measuring blood pressure) 2. Laboratory tests (ie: determination of blood gases) 3. Radiologic studies (ie: chest x-ray) |
| What are the most common bodily fluids used in laboratory testing? | Blood and Urine |
| What is a specimen? | A small sample or part taken from the body to represent the nature of the whole. |
| What does the abbreviation WNL mean? | within normal limits |
| What are the vital signs taken to assess a patient's condition? | 1. Pulse rate 2. Respiration rate 3. Body temperature 4. Blood pressure is also customarily included. |
| What is the pulse? | It's the rhythmic expansion of an artery that occurs as the heart beats. |
| What is a normal pulse rate? | In a resting state: 60 to 100 beats per minute. |
| What is respiration rate? | The number of breaths per minute. |
| What routes may the body temperature be measured? | Mouth, Rectum, Under the arm (axillary) and the external opening of the ear canal. |
| Define thermometer. | Instrument used to measure temperature. |
| Define tympanic thermometer. | An instrument used to take the body temperature via the exterman opening of the ear canal. |
| Define blood pressure. | It's the pressure exerted by the circulating volume of blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart. |
| What is considered the normal blood pressure reading of a healthy person? | 120 / 80 |
| Define systolic pressure. | It is the higher (upper) number in the blood pressure reading. |
| Define diastolic pressure. | It is the bottom (I remember it as diastolic = down) number in a blood pressure reading. |
| What are the 4 important techniques in a physical examination? | IPPA = Inspection, Palpation, Percussion & Auscultation |
| Define inspection. | Examiner uses the eyes and ears to observe and listen to the patient. |
| Define palpation. | Examiner feels the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts with the hands. |
| Define percussion. | Examiner taps the body with the fingertips or fist to evaluate the size, borders, and consistency of internal organs and to determine the amount of fluid in a body cavity. |
| Define auscultation. | Examiner listens for sounds w/in the body to evaluate the heart, blood vessels, lungs, intestines, or other organs or to detect fetal heart sound. Most commonly performed with a stethoscope. |
| Define stethoscope. | An instrument consisting of 2 earpieces connected by flexible tubing; the diaphragm is placed against the patient's skin to hear sounds within the body. |
| Define radiology. | Branch of medicine concerned with x-rays, radioactive substances, and the diagnosis and treatment of disease by using any of the various sources of radiant energy. |
| ech/o, son/o | sound |
| electr/o | electricity |
| fluor/o | emitting or reflecting light |
| radi/o | radiant energy (sometimes means radius, a bone of the forearm) |
| tom/o | to cut |
| ultra- | excessive |
| radiography | means of producing an x-ray |
| radiograph | an x-ray image |
| radiopaque | substances that no NOT permit the passage of x-rays and appear light or white on an x-ray image. |
| radiolucent | substances that readily permit passage of x-rays and appear darker or black on an x-ray image |
| What is CT or computated tomography (formerly known as CAT - computed axial tomography)? | A diagnostic imaging procedure that uses ionizing radiation to produce a cross section of tissue. (Producing detailed images of cross sections of tissue as though cuts had been made.) Tomogram is the record. |
| Define non-invasive. | does not require the skin to be broken or a cavity or organ of the body to be entered. |
| What is MRI or magnetic resonance imaging? | Visualizing internal structures based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements in the body and uses a powerful magnetic field and radiowave pulses rather than ionizing radiation such as x-rays. |
| sonography or ultrasonography | PROCESS of imaging deep structures of the body by sending & receiving high-frequency sound waves that are reflected back as echoes from tissue interfaces. (Imaging of internal structures by measuring & recording sound waves.) |
| sonogram or echogram | RECORD produced from sonography |
| Define contrast imaging. | Using radiopaque materials to make internal organs visible on x-rays. |
| Define fluoroscopy. | A method of viewing the x-ray image directly in real time so that motion can be seen |
| fluoroscope | INSTRUMENT used in fluoroscopy |
| pharmaceuticals | medicinal drugs |
| radiopharmaceuticals | medicinal drugs that are radioactive |
| PET or positron emission tomography | combines tomography & radioactive substances to produce enhanced images of selected body structures, especially the heart, blood vessels and brain. |
| Nuclear scans | placing radioactive materials into body organs and using computerized scanners |
| radiation therapy OR radiation oncology | treatment of tumors to destroy cancer cells |
| therapeutic | pertaining to therapy |
| algesi/o | sensitivity to pain |
| chem/o | chemical |
| pharmac/o, pharmaceut/i | drugs or medicine |
| plast/o | repair |
| therapeut/o | treatment |
| tox/o | poison |
| -therapy | treatment |
| cytoxic agents are... | used in cancer treatment to kill cancer cells |
| antimicrobials | drugs that destroy or inhibit growth of microbes (microorganisms) |
| antibiotic | antimicrobial agents that are derived from cultures of a microorganism or are produced semisynthetically and used to treat infections |
| newplasm | new growth of tissue (a tumor) that is either benign or malignant |
| antineoplastics | medications used to treat neoplasms |
| What is invasive carcinoma? | A malignant tumor that infiltrates and destroys surrounding tissues and may continue to spreading. |
| analgesic | a drug that relieves pain |
| pharmacotherapy | treatment of diseases with drugs or medicine |
| therapeutic | pertaining to treatment or CURATIVE |
| OD | overdose |
| palpation vs palpitation | part of a physical exam vs heart flutter |
| signs vs symptoms | objective vs subjective |
| What are some examples of signs of a disease? | Fever, elevated blood pressure, rash, abnormal laboratory results. |
| What are some examples of symptoms? | Headache, sore throat, pain, itching. |
| Radiation therapy is the same as: | radiation oncology |
| What is the term for the rhythmic expansion of an artery as the heart beats? | pulse |
| Which diagnostic procedure produces a detailed image of a cross section of tissue, similar to what one would see if the the organ were actually cut into sections? | computed tomography (CT) |
| Which diagnostic procedure creates images based on the magnetic properties of chemical elements within the body? | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
Created by:
rhewitt
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