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Personality
freud
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| who devised the first theory of personality | Sigmund Freud |
| refers to important and relatively stable aspects of behavior | personality |
| is an unproved speculation about reality | theory |
| a term or principle that is created (or adopted) by a theorist | construct |
| · Offers guidelines that will serve us in the absence of more precise information | theory |
| Theory of personality | · An “educated guess” about important aspects of human behavior, which may be based on clinical observation or empirical research (or both) |
| found the first psychological laboratory in 1879. | Wundt |
| four criterian that a tehory of personality shuold satisfy: | description, explanation, prediction, and control |
| measured things like the speed of the nerve impulses, and searching for specific locations of the brain that controlled various organic functions | Wundt Psychology |
| E. Brucke | · Freud’s mentor. Followed Helmholtz creed. |
| freud named his theory | psychoanalysis |
| freud believes that human beings are motivated by powerful innate forces called | instincts |
| the activated insitic produces a psychology state of increased tension or arousal known as | drive |
| the drive is what kind of experience | unpleasant, such as hunger or thirst |
| the goal of all behaviro is to | obtain pleasure and avoid unpleasure |
| Drive reduction | restores the body to a previous state of equilibrium where no needs are active, and is primary way of achieving pleasure |
| Eros | the ancient greek god of love, is synomyn for the sexual instict. |
| Destructive instinct | all human beings driven by a death instinct |
| External and internal conflict must be channeled to socially acceptable rules. This is called | Sublmation |
| Destructive and sadistic impluses may be sublimated by becoming a football player. | sublimation |
| · Mental activity involves constant expenditures of | psychic energy |
| · Libido attaches itself to mental representations of objects that will satisfy instinctual needs, a process known as | cathexis |
| Saying wrong words, self-inflicted injuries, Freudian slips of the tongue, dreams all have underlying reasons, which are usually unconscious | parapraxes |
| Repression | motivated forgetting |
| Freud believes that most of personality and mental activity is _______and cannot be called to mind even with great effort. | unconscious |
| information that is not conscious at a given moment, but which can readily become so, is described as | preconscious |
| Topographical model | the structure of personality in terms of unconscious, preconscious, conscious |
| teh act of relegating material to the unconscious is | repression |
| Personality has three contructs | Id, ego, and superego |
| Only component that is present at birth | Id |
| what construct follows the pleasure principle | ID |
| What construct is known as the primary process | ID |
| what is the primary process | permits opposites to coexist side by side, represents ideas by parts that stand for the whole, and condenses related conepts into a single entity. No sense of time and is not effected by experience. |
| this construct is known as I, and develops around the age of 6-8months | EGO |
| Suspends the pleasure principle in place of the reality principle | ego |
| Strangulated affect | the cutting off of powerful emotion |
| A signal | when we become aware of a conflict |
| Realistic anxiety | is caused by danger in the environment, such as ominous looking individual coming your way on a deserted street. |
| Neurotic anxiety- | concerns the harm that will result from yielding to a powerful and dangerous id impulse |
| Moral anxiety | is caused by acts or wishes that violate one’s standards of right and wrong and includes feelings of shame and guilt. |
| Repression expends psychic energy in order to prevent a dangerous id impulse from surfacing | anticathexis opposes the ID |
| you repress your anger and believe that other people are angry at you | projection |
| o The transferring behaviors or emotions, often unconsciously, from one object to another that is less threatening; a defense mechanism | displacement |
| observes and sits above the rest, partly conscious and unconscious | superego |
| develops at the age of 3 or 5 | superego |
| When forced with conflict the ego has three options or when a drive arises | satisfy the drive, re-channel the drive (displacement), defend against it |
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ashley5273
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