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Rad Protection
Patient Protection
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What: reduces anxiety and emotional stress, enhances the professional image, increases the chance for a successful exam. | Good communication |
| If an exam is going to cause pain, should the patient be told? | Yes always |
| What is the best way to control voluntary motion? | communication |
| What is the best way to overcome involuntary motion, such as a heart beat? | short exposure time |
| What limits the area exposed by the primary beam and reduces both scatter radiation and exposure to the patient? | beam limiting devices |
| What will improve the image and limit the patient exposure? | beam limiting devices |
| What is the simplest beam limiting device? | aperture diaphragm |
| -flat metal with a hole in it | aperture diaphragm |
| -most versatile device to limit field size | collimators |
| What are the three main parts of a collimator in order? | 2 sets of lead shutters, light source, mirror system |
| What is the minimum distance of the collimator to the patient's skin? | 15 cm |
| To be in proper alignment, the length and width dimensions of the light must correspond to ____ of the SID. | 2% |
| Where are electrical sensors for the PBL system located? | in the bucky tray on the carriage of the SID |
| How should the beam be collimated? | so that it is no larger than the image receptor |
| - filtration built in with the product, such as window and oil | inherent |
| How thick does the inherent filtration need to be? | 0.5 mm Al equivalent |
| How much thickness does the collimator add? | 1.0 mm |
| - any additional filtration | added filtration |
| -is the combination of both inherent and added filtration | total filtration |
| What happens to skin doses without filtration? | it increases |
| What is the purpose of filtration? | to reduce patient exposure |
| What time of wavelength/frequency does filtration remove? | long wavelength/ low frequency |
| What is the min total filtration required for a kV of: 50-70 kV? above 70 kV? | 1.5 mm 2.5 mm |
| What is the min total filtration required for mobile diagnostic and fixed fluoroscopic? | 2.5 mm |
| If you use gonadal shielding, you can reduce a females patient exposure by how much? | 50% |
| How much will a male patients exposure be reduced by using gonadal shielding? | 90-95% |
| When are gonadal shields used? | When the reproductive organs will be in the direct beam or within 5cm & doing so will not compromise the exam |
| When should a flat contact shield be used? | when pt is recumbent and AP or PA |
| When is the flat contact shield not useful? | in fluoroscopy, nonrecumbent exams non AP/PA projections |
| - suspended from the beam-defining | shadow shields |
| What exam is a shadow shield not useful? | during fluoroscopy exams |
| When is a shadow shield best used? | When working with a sterile field |
| -enclose the male reproductive organs | shaped contact shields |
| When are shaped contact shields best suited for use? | oblique and lateral exams, fluoroscopy |
| When is it not ideal to use a shaped contact shield? | around sterile fields |
| What is one way technologist can reduce exposure? | with technique |
| Low mAs / high kVp will do what for pt exposure? | reduce dose |
| Increasing kV or mA alone will have what affect on pt exposure? | increase dose |
| What are three types of screen/film holders? | Cardboard, conventional screens, rare earth screens |
| Of the two types of systems, conventional & rare earth, which reduces pt dose more? | rare earth |
| If you increase grids, this will do what to dose? | increase dose |
| What is the min source to skin distance? | 12 in (30 cm) |
| If you increase the min source to skin distance, it will have what affect on pt dose? | it will reduce pt dose |
| -periodical activation of the fluoroscope by the radiologist rather than lengthy continuous activation | intermittent fluoroscopy |
| What affect on pt dose does intermittent fluoroscopy have on the pt? | reduces dose |
| For fixed fluoroscopes, what is the min source to tabletop distance? | 15" (38 cm) |
| For fixed fluoroscopes, what is the preferred source to tabletop distance? | 18" (46 cm) |
| For mobile fluoroscopes, what is the min source to tabletop distance? | 12" (30 cm) |
| -device that times the xray exposure in fluoroscopy and sounds an audible alarm and/or interrupts the fluoroscopic beam after the fluoroscope had been activated for 5 mins | cummulative timer |
| Concerning female patients, what is the 10-day rule? | x-ray exams should be limited to only the 10 days following the onset of menstruation |
| What should we do if the pt states that they are or might be pregnant? | notify a supervisor |
| What are 3 safeguards that can be taken for an exam with a pregnant patient? | proper technique, collimation, aprons |
| What are the 2 purposes of the consumer-Patient radiation Health and Safety Act of 1981? | accredit programs & certify operators |
| Max allowable exposure rate at the table top should not exceed what? | 2.1/ r for each mA of aperation at 80 kV |
| Under no condition should the exposure rate exceed what? | 10 R / min |
| What is the max allowable exposure if 4 mA is used at 3 min? | 2.1(3) = 6.3 6.3(4)= 25.2 R |
| What is the max allowable exposure if 2 mA at 2 min? | 2.1(2)= 4.2 4.2(2)= 8.4 |
| What is the 10 day rule? | x-ray exams should be limted to only the 10 days following onset of menstruation |
| Therapeutic abortion is recommended after what amt of fetal exposure? | 25 rad |
| What are the two purposes of the Pt Radiation Health & safety act of 1981? | accreditate programs certify operators |
| What are three safe guards you can take when x-raying a pregnant pt? | technique ( increase kVp-lower mAs) collimation aprons |
Created by:
erikasmith28
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