Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych 230 EXAM 3
Adolescence & Emerging Adulthood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three discipline approaches? | Power Assertion, Induction, Love withdrawl |
| What is Power Assertion? | This is a style of discipline that relies on a greater power such as punishment or withholding privileges. Child becomes least morally mature |
| What is Induction? | This is a style of discipline that induces responsibility by using explanations of why actions are wrong and the child's affect on others. Children become most morally mature. |
| What is Love Withdrawl? | This is a style of discipline that withholds affection or approval based on the child's compliance. "The cold shoulder" |
| What percentage of parents admitted to using spanking as a disciplinary action? | 90% |
| Why is spanking used? | Gains immediate compliance, gets the child's attention, and is a way to express parental anger and frustration. |
| What are the two sides of the spanking debate? | Those against spanking believe there are negative consequences such as anger and anxiety. Those for spanking believe spanking is not the cause of anger and anxiety. |
| What are two aspects of the spanking debate that are overlooked? | 1. Research doesn't seperate spanking from negative abusive parenting. 2. Psychologists need to take into consideration the temperament of the child. |
| What are the 4 styles of parenting? | Authoritative, Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved. |
| What is Authoritative parenting? | Parenting that is warm and accepting with a good amount of control appropriate to the age. Most positive outcomes for the child's behavior, self-esteem, academic achievement, and communication are all seen with this style of parenting. |
| What is Authoritarian parenting? | A cold style of parenting. Standards are high, but little independence is granted to the child. |
| What is permissive parenting? | "The best friend mom". This relationship is high in warm and acceptance, but holds very low standards for the child and too much freedom is granted to the child. |
| What is uninvolved parenting? | A neglectful relationship with little involvement. There is little warmth and acceptance and parents take little control over the child. |
| Which style of parenting is interpreted in countries like China? | Authoritarian. However, in this culture, authoritarian parenting produces positive outcomes. |
| What are 3 developments that support school functioning? | Memory, executive function, and motivation. |
| What age range do memory improvements start to develop? And what are these 3 new developments? | age 7 to 8. Rehearsal, organization, and elaboration (11 yrs) |
| What is production utilization? | The beginning of kids trying to develop memory strategies. |
| At what age are kids able to hold 4 chunks of info in their memory? | age 7 |
| At what age are kids able to hold 7 chunks of info in their memory? | after age 12 |
| What is executive function? | The voice in our heads that allow us to manage, control, plan, and inhibit our thought processes. |
| What video clip showed in class displayed a good test of executive function? | The marshmallow test. |
| What is intrinsic motivation ? | A self-generated desire that drives accomplishment, seen in early schooling. |
| What is extrinsic motivation? | External reinforcers drive accomplishment. Although there is a debate that extrinsic motivation is detrimental, a study with "at-risk" students who were paid for good grades actually raised their gpa's |
| What is known about IQ tests? What are they good predictors for? | IQ tests are reliable for distinguishing a difference in each child's intelligence, but lots of fluctuation is seen. And they are valid for predicting future school success. |
| What does the WISC IQ test stand for? | Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children |
| Do IQ tests test genetic potential? | Yes, but not only genetic potential. Affluent children's IQ have a higher heritability vs. low ses children depend more on their environment |
| What is Vygotsky's view on intelligence? What Dynamic Assessment testing does he use to measure a child's intelligence? | He believes children are embedded in social processing and does not look at the IQ score, he intervenes with scaffolding. Scaffolding leads to higher IQ's and helps indicate a readiness to learn. |
| What is Vygotsky's readiness to learn? | This can be a product of scaffolding. Intervening and helping a child through the test which lead to increased IQ scores. |
| What are the 3 components of Sternberg's Triarcich Theory of Intelligence? | Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence. |
| What is Analytical Intelligence according to Sternberg? | This intelligence looks how strategies are applied and involves self-regulation. |
| What is Creative Intelligence according to Sternberg? | The use of acquired skills to try new skills later on. Creativity makes solving novel problems easier. |
| What is Practical Intelligence according to Sternberg? | The way one seeks out the most supportive environment to reach personal goals and demands of others. |
| What is Gardeners Theory of Multiple Intelligences? | Gardner believes intelligence is domain specific. These domains consist of all types of intelligence: musical, logical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, spatial, body-kinesthetic, naturalist, and linguistic. |
| What is onset puberty? | This is the biological hormonal changes that trigger development |
| At what age are adrenal androgens produced to trigger changes in weight? | Ages 6 to 8 |
| At what age does the Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Axis start to trigger the release of hormones? | Ages 9 to 10 |
| What functions do the HPG Axis have in puberty? | 1. The release of growth hormones & thyroxine 2. Increased estrogen in girls 3. increased testosterone in boys |
| At what age do girls start their growth spurt? | Age 10 |
| At what age to boys start their growth spurt? | Age 12-12.5 |
| What proportions during puberty change in girls? what about boys? | Shoulders broaden legs elongate in boys. Hips broaden in girls |
| What percentage of muscle growth is gained during puberty for boys? What about the percentage of fat gain for girls? | |
| What is the function of primary Sex Characteristics | Maturation of all reproductive organs occurs. (penis growth/menstruation) |
| At what age do girls on average begin menarche? | 12.5 years old |
| At what age do boys on average begin spermarche? | 13.5 years old |
| What is the function of secondary sex characteristics? | This is when other visible parts of the body signal sexual maturity ( pubic hair, breast development) HAPPENS BEFORE SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS |
| What factors determine the timing of pubtery? | Heredity, weight, exercise levels, absent fathers, geographic location which determines access to resources, SES, and stress. |
| What is the secular trend for puberty? | This means there is a change in an ongoing trend. Puberty is now occuring at a younger age. Used to be 17 in Norway, now it is 12.5 for the US. |
| What are the consequences for early maturing girls? | unpopular, low self-esteem, more deviant behavior, negative body image, more long term problems. |
| What are the consequences for late maturing girls? | Eventually sociable , lively, school leaders, positive body image |
| What are the consequences for early maturing boys? | popular, confident, independent, positive body image. |
| What are the consequences for late maturing boys? | less popular, anxious, negative body image, substance abuse |
| When does adolescent sexuality first begin? (what age) | Around age 10 during pre-adolescence |
| _____ of sexual activity in adolescents is in the context of relationships | 3/4 |
| ___ of sexual activity in adolescents is in the context of friendship | 1/4 |
| What affect does abstinence only programs have on adolescents? | No affect on rates of sexual activity and may or may not affect contraceptive use. |
| What affect does comprehensive sex ed have on adolescents? | This sex ed emphasizes diff. kinds of contraception and incorporates info on relationships and communication. Does not affect rates of sexual activity. HOWEVER reduces teen pregnancy |
| By what percent does comprehensive sex ed reduce pregnancy? | 60% |
| By what percent does abstinence only sex ed reduce pregnancy? | 30% |
| What is learned about the cognitive development in adolescents? | Our brains are experiencing more intense reactions to both positive and negative experiences. Implies the individuals behavior. |
| What specific cognitive advances are maid during adolescent brain activity? | Attention, planning, integrating info, and self-regulation |
| What cognitive reactions are intensified during adolescence? | intense reactions to stress and pleasure,novelty |
| Where do adolescents process emotions in the brain opposed to adults? | Emotions are perceived in the emotion reactionary part of the brain for adolescents. Adults process emotions in the frontal lobe. |
| In Piaget's Formal operational stage, how advanced is thinking? | Thinking is abstract, logical, and hypothetical. |
| What is Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning? | This is thinking "like a scientist". A hypothesis is generated, hypothetical ideas are considered, and deductive reasoning is used. |
| What is the "Five Flask Task"? | 5 flasks were given to 2 age groups, A concrete operational child and a formal operational child. The object is to determine which 2 flasks will mix a yellow solution. |
| How does a concrete operational child carry out the five flask task? | A concrete operational child is more likely to use trial and error and stop immediately once the solution is found. |
| How does a formal operational child carry out the five flask task? | A formal operational child is more likely to devise a plan, make a list of combinations, and continue to find other combinations even if one is already found. |
| When critiquing Piaget's stages of thinking, what did he overestimate? | Piaget overestimated adolescent cognitive development. Teens do not consistently think logically, abstractly, and hypothetically ALL the time. |
| What is the most prominent estimator of a child's ability to think logically, abstractly, and hypothetically? | Level of education. |
| According to Kohlberg's theory of moral judgement, what does moral judgement develop from? | social experience and cognitive capabilities |
| What are the three stages of Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Judgement? | pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. |
| What is Kohlberg's pre-conventional theory of morality? | This stage of morality, focuses on the consequences of actions. Emphasis on the rules of society. |
| What is Kohlberg's conventional theory of morality? | This stage actively engages in perspective taking and thinking about the broader picture. Less focus on getting caught and more focus on the social conventions and maintenance of social order. |
| What is Kohlberg's post-conventional theory of morality? | This theory of morality questions the values of society. References ones' own values and universal principles. |
| What did David Elkind develop? | David Elkind developed adolescent egocentrism. |
| What is adolescent egocentrism? | Adolescent egocentrism describes adolescent tendency to think others are thinking about us. |
| What is an imaginary audience? | Developed by David Elkind, imaginary audience is a subcategory of adolescent egocentrism. This is the idea that everybody is watching us. |
| What is a personal fable? | Developed by David Elkind, personal fable is a subcategory of adolescent egocentrism. This is the idea that our own life is special and unique. Teens develop a sense of invincibility. |
| What are adolescents feelings like and how are they caused? | Feelings are caused by hormones, negative events in life and have a stronger response to events, and less stable moods. |
| Teens who have higher levels of ____ and _____ in their parent-child relationship are better off. | Connectedness & autonomy |
| During what age range does Erikson's psychosocial stage of identity & role confusion occur? | Ages 10 to 20 |
| During what age range does Erikson's psychosocial stage of intimacy & isolation occur? | Ages 20 to 40 |
| When did the emerging adulthood begin/ from what event? | Post WWII, children were no longer needed in the workforce so more time was granted for "growing up" |
| What are the 4 types of Identity Statuses according to Marcia? | Identity diffusion, foreclosure, moratorium, achievement |
| What is identity diffusion? | This is an identity status when a person has no goals and feels blocked from any adult life path. |
| What is identity foreclosure? | This is an identity status when a person adopts an identity w.out any exploration or thought. |
| What is identity moratorium? | This is an identity status when a person feels an exciting healthy search for a new adult self. |
| What is Identity achievement? | This is an identity status when a person decides on a definite life path after searching for various options. |
| What is Emerging Adulthood and during what age range does it occur? | 18-25, "the feeling of being in between a child and becoming an adult. |
| What term helps decode ones' own narrative about their identity? | Meaning-making |
| What two components give a child the feeling of individuation in a parent-child relationship? | autonomy & connectedness |
| When forming ones' identity, which two aspects are connected to the well-being of that individual? | The process and achievement of identity. |
Created by:
laurenmm21
Popular Psychology sets