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PS8 Chapter14
Thermal Energy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Temperature | a measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance |
| Fahrenheit scale | the temperature scale on which water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees |
| Celsius scale | the temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees |
| Kelvin scale | the temperature scale on which zero is the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| Absolute zero | the temperature at which no more energy can be removed from matter |
| Heat | thermal energy that is transferred from matter at a higher temperature to matter at a lower temperature |
| Specific heat | – the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a material by 1 kelvin |
| Conduction | the transfer of heat from one particle of matter to another |
| Convection | the transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid |
| Convection current | a current caused by the rising of heated fluid and sinking of cooled fluid |
| Radiation | the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
| Conductor | a material through which charges can easily flow |
| Insulator | a material through which charges cannot easily flow |
| State | one of the three forms – solid, liquid, or gas – in which matter exists |
| Change of state | the physical change of matter from one state to another |
| Melting | the change from the solid to the liquid state of matter |
| Freezing | the change from the liquid to the solid state of matter |
| Evaporation | process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid |
| Boiling | the process that occurs when vaporization takes place inside a liquid as well as on the surface |
| Condensation | the change from the gaseous to the liquid state of matter |
| Thermal expansion | the expansion of matter when it is heated |
| Heat engine | a device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy |
| External combustion engine | an engine powered by fuel burned outside the energy |
| Internal combustion engine | an engine that burns fuel inside cylinders within the engine |
| Refrigerant | the substance that absorbs and releases heat in a cooling system |
Created by:
KerriReynolds
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