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Gen. Psych Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The school of psychology known as behaviorism was started by_______? | John Watson |
| According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents a _______ morality. | preconventional |
| Strongly influenced by heredity, this is a person's behavioral styl or characteristic way of responding to the environment. | Temperament |
| Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a: | face-like image |
| Which of the following repesents the correct order of cognitive development? | sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational |
| Cognitive psychology emphasizes the role of ____ that underlie behavior. | the mental process |
| During the course of sucessful prenatal development, a human organisim begins as a _____ and finally develop into a _____. | zygote;fetus |
| Reuptake refers to the: | reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron |
| Curare is a paralyzing poison that functions as an: | ACh antagonist |
| Alzheimer's disease is most colsely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce: | Acetylcholine |
| Which type of psychologist would most likely argue that a criminal engages in unlawful behavior because he grew up around older boys who engaged in criminal behavior? | Behaviorist |
| According to Piaget, schemas are: | People's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences |
| Erikson used the term "stagnation" to describe the state of persons who: | failed to contribute to the well-being of others |
| A brain tumor caused extensive damage to Mr. Johnson's hypothalamus. It is most likely that he may suffer a loss of: | sexual motivation |
| Incorporating new information into existing theories is to ______ as modifying existing theories in light of new information is to _____. | Assimilation; accomodation |
| The portion of a population that is studied in order to reach conclusions about the entire population is called a ______. | sample |
| Which of the the following is a component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the formation of new memories? | hippocampus |
| Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter: | Dopamine |
| The parasympathetic nervous system: | stimulates digestions and slows heartbeat. |
| Two charateristics of authoritarian parents are that they demonstrate: | high levels of parental control and low levels of parental responsiveness |
| A drug mimics the effects of a particular neurotransmitter or blocks its reuptake is called a(n): | agonist |
| which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell? | thalamus |
| A(n) ______ is a prediction about the cause-effect relationship between two or more variables. | hypothesis |
| ______ psychologyexplains motivation and behavior in terms of its underlying physiological processes in the body and brain. | biological |
| For the unborn children of mothers who smoke heavily, nicotine is a(n): | teratogen |
| The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of: | neural networks |
| The four stated goals of psychology are to describe, eplain, ______, and influence behavior and mental processes | predict |
| Armando has just played a long, brusing football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of: | endorphines |
| A ______ is a descriptive research method that uses interviews and/ or questionaires to gather information about research subjects | survey |
| Parents who are demanding yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be: | authoritative |
| A case would be the most appropriate method to invesigate which of these topics: | deveolopment of siames twins who are sugically separated at age 5 |
| After briana learned that peguins could not fly, she had to modify her exisitng concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of: | assimilation |
| Although 3 yr old dillion happily explores the interesting toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for breif moments. Dillon most clearly displays signs of: | secure attachment |
| In an experiment to determine whether caffine makes children more hyperactive, caffine would be the ______ | independent variable |
| To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electronically stimulate the rat's: | amygdala |
| At the age of 21. Mini Ature was less than 4 ft tall. Her short stature was probably infulence by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the: | pituitary gland |
| After hilal's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Hilal is most likely to have difficulty: | playing his guitar |
| The function of the dendrites is to: | recieve incoming signals from other neurons |
| Erikson would have suggested that adolescents can most develop a sense of identity by: | investigating the personal suitability of various occupationaland social roles |
| A person's general ability to think abstractly is called ______ intelligence. This bality generally ______ with age. | fluid; decreases |
| The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include: | mental retardation |
| Which of the following is NOT a component of type D personality? | hostility |
| When people are asked to recall a list words they had earlier memorized, they often substitute synonyms for some words on the original list. This best illustrates the effects of: | semantic encoding |
| As an aid to memorizing lengthy speeches, ancient Greek orators would visualize themselves moving through familiar locations. They were making use of: | the method of loci |
| After learning the combination for his new locker at the health club, Matt is unable to remember the combination for his old bicycle lock. Matt is eperiencing the effects of: | retroactive interference |
| For operant conditioning to be most effective, When should the reinforcers be presented in relation to the desired response? | immediately after |
| Arianna is paid $5 for every basket of apples she picks in her uncle's orchard. Arianna is being reinforced on a _____ schedule of reinforcement | fixed ratio |
| Syllogisms employ which type of reasoning? | Deductive reasoning |
| Extinction occurs when a _____ is no longer paired with a _______. | CS;US |
| Which of the following is an example of an unconditioned response? | sweating on a hot day |
| On average, Orfy sells one magazine subscription for every 8 sales calls she makes. Orfy is being reinforced on a _____ schedule of reinforcement. | fixed interval |
| A type of motivated forgetting in which anxiety- arousing memories are blocked from conscious awareness is known as: | repression |
| This psychologits studied meory using 'nonsense syllables', like "MIP" and "FOK." | Ebbinghaus |
| The 4 classifaictions of mental retardation presented in the textbook are: | Mild, Moderate, Servere, and Profound |
| Which of the folowing is NOT a stage in the General Adaptation syndrome? | Arousal |
| Just this moring, Saul burt his toast, couls not get on the internet to check his email, borke his coffe cup, and showed up late for class. Saul's morning was marked by several _____. | hassles |
| Negative punishment _____ the rate of operant responind, and neagative reinforcement _____ the rate of operant responding. | decreases; increases |
| Piecework in a factory is rewarded on a _____ schedule of reinforcement; fishing is rewarded on a _____ schedule of reinforcement | Fixed-ratio; variable-interval |
| coping strategies can be either ____-focused or ____-focused in nature. | problem; emotion |
| _____ is defined as an increase in the efficency of neutral transmission at the synapses that lasts for hours or longer. | long-term potentiation |
| In palov's experiment, the dog's salivation, triggered by the ringing bell, was a(n) | conditioned response |
| _______ memory has a large capacity but a very short duration, while _____ memory has both a very large cpacity and a very long duration | Sensory; Long term |
| A person who is ambitious, time conscious, extremely hard-working, easily annoyed, and tedns to have light levels of hostility and anger is said to be exhibiting a ______ personality | Type A |
| After suffering a head injury in a car accident, poor Steve is unable to remeber the vents of the week following his injury. Steve is suffering from? | anterograde amnesia |
| A flashbulb memory would typically be stored in _____ memory | long-term |
| A person who is repeatedly exposed to inescapable and/or unavoidable painful events is prone to develop | learned helplessness |
| A prolonged and server stress reaction to a traumatic event that is characterized by anxiety, social withdrawl, nightmares, and flashbacks of the event is called _____ | post-traumatic stress disorder |
| Albert Bandura's investigation of observational learning demonstrated that children: | Who were not exposed to an adult ating aggresively against the Bobo doll were much less to engage in aggressive behavior toward the Bobo doll |
| Marco was the only person in his office who escaped the world trade center on 9/11; everyone else in his office died. Marco might well experience | survivor guilt |
| the ability to remember the capitals of all 50 states is an example of ______ memory; the ability to remember how to dance the Macarena is an example of _____ memory. | explicit; implicit |
| "The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of _____ memory. | short-term |
| Brad regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car's irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of? | negative reinforcement |
| You are most likely to automatically encode information about: | the sequence of your day's events |
| According to the text, learning involves | a change in behavior due to experience |
| When Ryle becomes frightened or alarmed, his adrenal cortex releases glucocorticoids, which in turn _______. | raise blood sugar levels |
| Sternberg's Triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that there are 3 types of intelligence | componential, experiential, and contextual |
| The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) meaures stress related to ____. | positive and negative life events |
| The coping method that involes adusting the way one feels about a streesor is called _____ | emotional-focused coping |
| Cerebellum is to _____ memory as hippocampus is to _____ memory | implicit; explicit |
| According to principles of operant conditioning, positive = ______ and negative = ______ | presented; removed |
| 3 factors associated with psychological hardiness are? | commitment, challenge, and control |
| Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of? | the effects of psychological factors on the immune system |
| The mean standard deviation of IQ scores on the Wechsler Intelligence scales are | mean of 100; standard deviation of 15 |
| Frenchman Alfred Binet is credited with | Developing the 1st standardized intelligence test |
| Taylor's inability to recall the location of letters of a telephone keypad is most likely due to | encoding failure |
| A response is learned most rapidly and is most resitant to extinction if it is aquired under conditions of: | continuious reinforcement followed by partial reinforcement |
| What kind of cell addresses antigens by binding with them to produce antibodies? | B-cells |
| In the Little Albert study, fear of the white rat is to ____ as fear of the loud noises is to _____. | CR;UCR |
| This famous psychologist at Staford Unv published a thorough revision of the Binet-Simno IQ scale in 1916 | Lewis Terman |
| Laura has to decide whether to attend Yale or Harvard on a full scholarship; Laura is experiencing a(n) _____ conflict | approach- approach |
| This psychologist is famous for proposing the theory of Multiple Intelligence | Howard Gardner |
| Xanax and Valium belong to which of the following classes of drugs? | Benozodiazepines |
| A generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by | A continuious state of tension, apprehension, and worry |
| Which of the following does the textbook identify as the most sreious type of schizophenia | disorganized |
| Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their neagative interpretations and distorted attributions of events | conginitve therapy |
| A central therapeutic technique of psychoanalysis is | free association |
| It would be most difficult to use the _____ to explain why anorexia nervosa occurs mostly in Western culures | Medical model |
| ______ is characterized by an intesne fear of being in a situation from which escape is not possible or in which help would not be available in one experenced overwhelming anxiety or a panic attack | Angoraphobia |
| Ego is to id as ______ is to ______ | reality principle; pleasure principle |
| According to personality theorist, Gordon Allport, a _____ trait is one that is viewed as the most defining trait of a person , one that can be found in almost all of the person's behavior | cardinal |
| In which type of disorder is a person's speech likely to be so full of unrelated words and phrases that it could be characterized as a "word salad"? | schizophenia |
| Hypochondriasis is a _____ disorder characterized by a preoccupation with minor physical syptoms and the belief that these symptoms indicate a serious disease | somatoform |
| Which of the following is not a positive symptom of schizophenia | limited and slow speech |
| _____ Personality Disorder is characterized by social isolation and an apparent disinterest in forming emotional attachments to others; somewhat akin to autisim in children | schizoid |
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