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Pharm III Unit 2

GI Drugs

QuestionAnswer
Calcium Carbonate Tums (Antacid)
Magnesium Hydroxide/Aluminum Hydroxide Maalox (antacid) combined to cancel out constipation (aluminum) and diarrhea (magnesium)
Cimetidine H2 Blocker anti-androgen effect at high doses inhibits CYP3A (results in toxicity of many other drugs)
Ranitidine H2 Blocker (Zantac) first line for peptic ulcers, adjunct for GERD and zollinger-ellison
Nizatidine H2 Blocker first line for peptic ulcers, adjunct for GERD and zollinger-ellison
Omeprazole PPI (Prilosec) OTC DOC for GERD with esophagitis also used for ulcers and zollinger-ellison that does not respond to H2 blockers
Esomeprazole PPI DOC for GERD with esophagitis also used for ulcers and zollinger-ellison that does not respond to H2 blockers
Rabeprazole PPI DOC for GERD with esophagitis also used for ulcers and zollinger-ellison that does not respond to H2 blockers
Sucralfate Cytoprotective agent forms a protective barrier in stomach eat before meals ASx- constipation, abdominal discomfort rarely used
Misoprostol Cytoprotective agent prostaglandin analog rarely used contraindicated in pregnancy! useful in protecting against NSAID-induced ulcers
Bismuth Subsalicylate Cytoprotective agent (Pepto Bismol) anti-bacterial activity against H.pylori inhibit action of pepsin
Bethanechol prokinetic agent muscarinic agonist increases tone and motility of GI tract
metoclopramide prokinetic agent (Reglan) D2 antagonists increases tone and motility of GI tract antiemetic Do not use in pregnancy!
Glycopyrrolate antispasmodic antimuscarinic drug antispasmodic agents to decrease intestinal overactivity, reduce cramping and spasms
Dicyclomine antispasmodic antimuscarinic drug antispasmodic agents to decrease intestinal overactivity, reduce cramping and spasms
Promethazine anti-emetic block DA, mucsarinic, and histamine receptors cause significant sedation
Prochlorperazine anti-emetic block DA, mucsarinic, and histamine receptors cause significant sedation
Ondansetron, -setrons anti-emetic 5HT3 receptor blockers not effective in motion sickness
Dronabinol anti-emetic synthetic THC
Fiber Laxative bulk forming agent
Psyllium Laxative (metamucil) fiber
magnesium hydroxide Laxative (milk of magnesia)
Sodium phosphate and bisphosphate Laxative (fleet) do not use in CHF pts
lactulose Laxative increases osmotic pressure and fluid in stool used to decrease ammonia buildup in cirrhosis and other hepatic dzs
polyethylene glycol Laxative used as a colonoscopy prep available OTC (miralax) for tx of occasional constipation
docusate sodium stool softener emulsifying agent not very effectice
Lubiprostone anti-constipation prostaglandin E1 derivative activate Cl channels does not alter electrolyte concentrations or cause dependance!
Loperamide antidiarrheal (immodium) opioid derivative decreases peristalsis no CNS effects! (low abuse potential) OTC
Diphenoxylate plus atropine antidiarrheal (lomotil) opioid derivative + atropine (inhibits cholinergic receptors) atropine decreases CNS effects of diphenoxylate, but causes blurred vision, dry mouth
Simethicone Gas-x coats and dissipates gas
sulfasalazine tx for IBD, especially ulcerative colitis
amitryptyline TCA used for tx of IBS to decrease spasticity (anticholinergic) and improve pain
contraindications to laxative use N/V abdominal cramping undiagnostic abdominal pain appendicitis intestinal obstruction
Created by: 618366825
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