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Ap pysc

QuestionAnswer
Behavioral Perspective Emphasizes observable behavior that can be objectivley measured.
Humanistic Perspective Emphasizes the importance of self esteem, free will, and choic in human behavior. q
Psychoanalyric/psychodynamic perspective The role of unconscious conflicts in determining behavior and personality.
Cognitive Persepctive Emphaize thinking, perceiving, and information processing.
Biological Persepective Emphasizes genetics, the roles of various parts of the brain, and the strcture and function of individual nerve cells.
Evolutionary Persepctive Emphasizes the role played by natural selction and adaptation un the evolution of behavior and mental processes.
Indepdendent Variable The factor that is manipulated or controlled by experimenter.
Dependent variable The factor that is mesaured by the experimenter.
Correlation Cofefficient A numerical value from +1.00 to -1.00 indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables.
Standard devation A mesaure of central tendency that indicates the a verage differences between the scores and their mean.
Normal Distribution a bell shaped curve, describing the spread of a characterisitc throughout the population. In a normal distribution, half the scores fall at or above the mean and half the scores fall at or below the mean.
Positivley Skewed distribution contains a preponderance of scores on the high end of the scale. the mean will be higher than the median in a postiviely skewed distribution.
Negativley skewed distribution The mean will be lower than the median and negavtivley skewed distribution.
P-value The probablity of concluding that a difference exists when in fact the difference does not exist. It is not likley due by chance.
Neuron A highly specialized nerve cell responsible for receving and transmitting info in electrical and chemcial forms.
Myelin Sheath A white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons, which increases the rate at which nerve impulses travel along the axon.
Action potential A breif electrical impulse by which informatiohn is transmitted along the axon of a neuron.
All or nothing law Either a neuron is sufficiently stimulated and an action potential occurs or a neuron is not sufficiently stimulated and an action potential does not occur.
Endorphin chemcial stubstances in the nervous system that reduce the perception of pain
Neurotransmitter Chemcial transmitters manufactured by a neuron.
Sympathetic Nervous system Branch of the automatic nervous system that produces rapid physical arousal in response to preceived emergencies or threats.
Parasympathetic nervous system Branch of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, maintains bodily functions, and conserves energy.
Hypothalamus Small brain structure beneath the thalamus that helps govern the release of hormones by the pituitary gland and regulates drives such as hunger and thirst.
Cerebral Cortext Regulates most complex behavior, including sensations, motor control, and higher mental processes such as decision making.
Cerebral hemispheres The left hemisphere specializes in verbal and analytical functions. The right hemisphere focuses on nonverbal abilities such as art music and visual recongition tasks.
Corpus Callosum The bundle of nerve fibers connecting the brain's left and right hemispheres.
Amygdala Linked to the regulation of emotional responses, especially fear.
Hippocampus A curved forebrain stucture that is part of the limbic system and is involved in learning and forming new memories.
Absolute threshold The minimum intensity at which a stimulus can be dected at least 50 percent of the time.
Sensory Adapation The decline in sensitivty to a constant stimulus.
Transduction The process by which sensory receptors convert the incoming physical energy of stimuli, such as light waves, into neural impulses that the brain can understand.
Signal detection theory States that sensation depends on the characteristics of the stimulus, the background stimulation, and the detector.
Gate-control theory Theory that explains how the nervous system blocks or allows pain signals to pass to the brain.
RODS The long, thin visual receptor cells in the retina that are highly sensitive to light, but not to color. Black and White vision.
Cones The short, thick visual receptor cells, concentrated near the center of the retina, responsible for color vision and fine detail.
Blind-spot The point at the back of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye. No visual receptors.
Cochela The coiled, snail-shaped structure in the inner ear containing receptors for hearing.
Cicadian Rhythm Biological 24 hour clock
Rem Sleep Type of sleep which rapid eye movement and dreams usually occur.
Hypnosis A state of deep relaxation, and intense focus.
Dissociation The splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity.
Premack Principle States that the opportunity to engage in a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a less preferred activity.
Intermittent Reinforcement The regarding of some, but not all, correct responses.
fixed ratio schedule reinforcement occurs after a predetermined set of responses. Example, you are paid for every two lawns you mow.
Variable ratio schedule Reinforcement is unpredictable because the ratio varies.
Fixed Interval Schedule Reinforcement occurs after a predetermined time has elapsed. You receive a payment every friday.
Variable interval schedule Reinforcement occurs unpredictably since the time interval varies. Teacher gives unannounced pop quizzes.
Created by: rsawyer23
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