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psychology-13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Abstinence violation effect | a response to a lapse in which a person blames himself or herself and concludes that he or she is incapable of resisting high-risk situations |
| aerobic exercise | sustained activity that elevates the heart rate and increases the body's need for oxygen |
| cognitive relaxation | a state of mental quiescence produced by meditation and other methods |
| cognitive restructuring | a cognitive stress reduction approach that involves attempts to detect, dispute, and chance maladaptive or irrational ideas that trigger negative emotions |
| coping self-efficacy | beliefs relating to our ability to deal effectively with a stressful stimulus or situation, including pain |
| cytokines | chemical molecules released by immune cells that produce fever and inflammation, promote the healing of injured tissue, and activate and direct other immune cells |
| emotion-focused coping | coping strategies directed at minimizing or reducing emotional responses to a stressor |
| endorphins | natural opiate-like substances that are involved in pain reduction |
| gate control theory | a theory of pain that postulates the existence of gating mechanisms in the spinal cord and brain that can increase or decrease the experience of pain by regulating the flow of pain impulses to the brain |
| general adaptation theory | selye's description of the body's responses to a stressor, which includes successive phases of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion |
| hardiness | a stress-resistant personality pattern that involves the factors of commitment, control, and challenge |
| Harm reduction | a prevention strategy that is designed not to eliminate a problem behavior but to reduce its harmful consequences |
| health psychology | the study of psychological and behavioral factors in the prevention and treatment of illness and in enhancement of health |
| motivational interviewing | a treatment approach that avoids confrontation and leads clients to their own realization of a problem and increases their motivation to change |
| multimodal treatments | substance abuse interventions that combine a number of treatments, such as aversion therapy and coping skills training |
| placebo | an inactive or inert substance |
| primary appraisal | the initial appraisal of a situation as benign, irrelevant, or threatening |
| problem-focused coping | coping strategies that involve direct attempts to confront and master a stressful situation |
| protective factors | environmental or personal resources that help people fare better in the face of stress |
| relapse prevention | a treatment approach designed to teach coping skills, increase self efficacy, and counter the abstinence violation effect, thus reducing the likelihood of relapse |
| secondary appraisal | one's judgment of the adequacy of personal resources needed to cope with a stressor |
| seeking social support | turning to others for assistance or emotional support in times of stress |
| Self-instructional training | a cognitive coping approach of giving adaptive self-instructions to oneself at crucial phases of the coping process |
| somatic relaxation training | a means of voluntarily reducing or preventing high arousal using muscle relaxation |
| stress | a term variously used to refer to situations that place strong demands on an organism, the cognitive physiological and behavioral responses to such situations, and the ongoing transaction between individual and demanding situations |
| stress-induced analgesia | a reduction in pain sensitivity that occur when endorphins are released under stressful conditions |
| stressors | situations that place demand on organisms that tax or exceed their resources |
| stress response | the pattern of cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions to demands that exceed a person's resources |
| transtheoretical model | a model of behavior change that includes the phases of precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination |
| type A behavior pattern | a sense of time urgency, pressured behavior, and hostility that appears to be a risk factor in coronary heart disease |
| vulnerability factors | situational or physical factors that increase susceptibility to the negative impact if stressful events |
Created by:
Akile6
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