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psych ch14 vocab
psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| personality | the consistent, enduring, and unique characteristics of a person |
| unconscious | the part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious processes and behaviors |
| id | the part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, instincts, and repressed material |
| ego | the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways |
| superego | the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id |
| defense mechanism | certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances |
| rationalism | making up acceptable excuses for behaviors that cause us to feel anxious |
| repression | if you push disturbing thoughts and memories out of awareness without ever realizing it |
| denial | if you refuse t accept the reality of something that makes you anxious |
| projection | inner feelings are thrown, or projected, outside the self and assigned to others |
| reaction formation | replacing an unacceptable feeling or urge with an opposite one |
| displacement | when you cannot take out your anger on the source of your frustrations, so you displace it or take it out on a less powerful person |
| sublimation | redirecting a forbidden desire into s socially acceptable desire |
| collective unconscious | the part of the mind that contains inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people |
| archetype | an inherited, idea based on the experiences of one's ancestors, which shapes one's perception of the world |
| inferiority complex | a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source |
| behaviorism | belief that the proper subject matter of psychology is objectively observable behavior-and nothing else |
| contingencies of reinforcement | the occurrence of rewards or punishments following particular behaviors |
| locus of control | our beliefs about how much control we have over certain situations |
| internal locus of control | believing you have control over situations |
| external locus of control | believing that your fate is determined by forces beyond your control |
| observational learning | a person acquires a new behavior by watching the actions of another person |
| self-efficacy | our view of our ability to succeed |
| humanistic psychology | a school of psychology that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of maximum potential by each unique individual |
| self-actualization | the humanist term for realizing one's unique potential |
| self | one's experience or image of oneself, developed through interaction with others |
| positive regard | viewing oneself in a positive light due to positive light due to positive feedback received from interaction with others |
| conditions of worth | the conditions a person must meet in order to regard himself or herself positively |
| unconditional positive regard | the perception that individuals' significant others value them for what they are, which leads the individuals to grant themselves the same regard |
| fully functioning | an individual whose person and self coincide |
| personal construct theory | our "processes are psychologically channelized by the way in which (each of us) anticipates events" |
| trait | a tendency to react to a situation in a way that remains stable over time |
| cardinal trait | a characteristic or feature that is so pervasive the person is almost identified with |
| factor analysis | a complex statistical technique used to identify the underlying reasons variables are correlated |
| surface trait | a stable characteristic that can be used observed in certain situations |
| extravert | an outgoing, active person who directs his or her energies and interests toward other people and things |
| introvert | a reserved, withdrawn person who is preoccupied with his or her inner thoughts and feelings |
| extraversion | associated with warmth, talkativeness, and being energetic |
| agreeableness | involves being sympathetic to others, kind, and trusting |
| conscientiousness | identifies individuals who are dutiful, dedicated to completing tasks, organized, and responsible |
| openness to experience | describes people who are open-minded and willing to try intellectual experiences, new ideas, or creative experiences |
| emotional stability | identifies individuals who experience things relatively easily and without getting upset |
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lizhopper2
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