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Physical Science
The Moon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The origin of the word “Moon” is | unknown. |
| On ____________the Apollo 11 landed on the Moon, | July 20, 1969 |
| The first man to step foot on the Moon was | Neil Armstrong – “this is one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” |
| The Moon is the __________ brightest object in the sky. | July 20, 1969 This is because of its distance to us. |
| The moon is about _________ miles from us. | 240,000 |
| The Earth is _________miles form the Sun. | 93,000,000 |
| Our Moon is the _________ of all the Moons in the solar system. | fifth largest |
| The moon revolves around us once about | 29.5 days. It also rotates on its own axis at that same rote, so we only get to see one side of the Moon. |
| The mass of the Moon is ____ that of the Earth and the surface gravity is only ____ of the Earth’s. | 1/81; 1/6 |
| The Moon does not have a | magnetic field. |
| The Moon has a tremendous number of | surface features. Pages 445-446 |
| No rocks on the Moon are older than _____________ years and none are younger than _____________ years. | 4.4 billion; 3.1 billion |
| Almost all on the Moon are the result of bombardment by meteorites of various sizes. | craters |
| Very little ________ takes place on the Moon because there is no atmosphere. | erosion |
| The Moon’s orbital plane does not coincide with that of Earth, but is tilted at an angle of about | 5◦. This 5◦ allows the Moon to be overhead anywhere from 28.5◦ N to 28.5◦ S latitude. |
| It is because of this 5◦ that there is not a ______ and a ______ eclipse every month. | solar; lunar |
| The Phases of the Moon | – a new cycle begins with the New Moon. |
| New Moon | – the Moon is directly between the Earth and the Sun |
| After the New Moon, it will be a | waxing crescent until the 1st quarter. |
| 1st Quarter occurs when the Moon is | 90◦ East of the Sun. |
| After the 1st Quarter it will be a | waxing gibbous until the Full Moon. |
| Full Moon | occurs when the Moon is directly on the opposite of the Earth from the Sun. |
| After the full moon, it will be a | waning gibbous until the Last Quarter. |
| Last Quarter is when the Moon is | 90◦ West of the Sun. |
| After the last quarter, it will be a | waning crescent until the New Moon. |
| There are ______days between each of the Main phases. (New, Quarters, and Full) | 7.375 |
| Waxing – | means that the part you see with light is getting larger from day to day. |
| Waning – | means that the part you see with light is getting smaller from day to day. |
| Gibbous - | means more than half lighted. |
| Crescent - | means less than half lighted. See pages 450-451 |
| The Moon rises an average of ____ minutes later each day. | 50 |
| Eclipse – | means the darkening of the light side of a celestial body by another. |
| Solar eclipse – | occurs during the New Moon phase. It is when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun out either partially or totally. It lasts only minutes. |
| Lunar eclipse – | occurs during the Full Moon phase. It is when the Moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. Can last for 3-4 hours. |
| Eclipses do not occur every month because the orbital plane of the Moon is off by | 5◦. |
| There is an 18 years cycle of eclipses called | Saros. |
| Ocean Tides: | Factors contributing to the height of the rises and falls – see page 457. |
| There are generally 2 high tides and 2 low tides daily because of the | Moon’s gravitational attraction and the motion of the Moon and Earth. |
| Spring Tides – | the tides that have the greatest variation. These occur at the New and Full Moon phases. |
| Neap Tides – | the tides are at a minimum. This is because the Sun and Moon are at 90◦ with respect to the Earth and their forces cancel out. |
| 2 spring tides and 2 neap tides occur each | month. |
| The height of a tide also varies with | latitude. It will be highest where the Moon is directly overhead and on the other side of the Earth opposite the position of the Moon. |
| annular eclipse | a solar eclipse in which the Moon blocks out all of the Sun except for a ring around the Sun's outer edge |
| asteroids | large chunks of matter that orbit the Sun (usually between Mars and Jupiter) and that are too small to be labeled as planets |
| Comet | a small mass of ice and dust that revolves around the Sun in a highly elliptical orbit |
| crater (lunar) | a circular depression on the surface of the Moon caused by the impact of a meteorite |
| crescent moon | the Moon viewed when less than one-half of the illuminated surface is facing an observer on the Earth |
| eclipse | an occurrence in which one celestial object is partially or totally blocked from view by another |
| fault | a fracture along which a relative displacement of the sides has occurred |
| first-quarter moon | the Moon when it is exactly 900 east of the Sun and appears as a quarter moon on the observer's meridian at 6 p.m. local solar time |
| full moon | the phase of the Moon that occurs when the Moon is 1800 east of the Sun |
| gibbous moon | the Moon viewed when more than one-half of its illuminated surface is facing an observer on the Earth |
| interplanetary dust | very small solid particles known as micrometeoroids that exist in the space between the planets |
| Kuiper belt | a doughnut-shaped ring of space around the Sun beyond Pluto containing many frozen comet bodies |
| last-quarter moon | the phase that occurs at the instant the Moon is 2708 east of the Sun |
| lunar eclipse | an eclipse of the Moon caused by the Earth's blocking the Sun's rays to the moon |
| partial lunar eclipse | The Earth's shadow does not completely covers the Moon |
| total lunar eclipse | The Earth's shadow completely covers the Moon |
| meteor | a metallic or stony object that burns up as it passes through the Earth's atmosphere and appears to be a "shooting star" |
| meteorite | metallic or stony object from the solar system that strikes the Earth's surface |
| meteoroids | small, interplanetary objects in space before they encounter the Earth |
| mountain range | a geologic unit or series of mountains |
| neap tides | moderate tides with the least variation between high and low |
| new moon | the phase of the Moon that occurs when the Moon is on the same meridian as the Sun |
| Oort cloud | the cloud of cometary objects believed to be orbiting the Sun at 50,000 AU and from which comets originate |
| Penumbra | a region of partial shadow. During an eclipse, an observer in the penumbra sees only a partial eclipse |
| plains (lunar) | large, dark, flat areas on the Moon believed to be craters formed by meteorite impact that then filled with volcanic lava |
| rays (lunar) | streaks of light-colored material extending outward from craters on the Moon |
| rill | a narrow trench or valley on the Moon |
| solar eclipse | an eclipse of the Sun caused by the Moon blocking the Sun's rays to an observer on the Earth |
| partial solar eclipse | Seen by an observer in the penumbra |
| total solar eclipse | Seen by an observer in the umbra |
| spring tides | the tides of greatest variation between high and low |
| Umbra | a region of total darkness in a shadow. During an eclipse, an observer in the umbra sees a total eclipse |
| virtual image | an image from a lens or mirror that cannot be brought to focus on a screen |
| waning phase | the illuminated portion of the Moon is getting smaller as observed from the earth |
| waxing phase | the illuminated portion of the Moon is getting larger as observed from the Earth |
| tides | the periodic rise and fall of the water level along the shores of large bodies of water |
| The diameter of Earth's Moon is | a little over one-fourth the diameter of Earth. |
| Large and small bowl-shaped depressions in the surface of the Moon that are believed to have been caused by impacts of objects from space are called | craters. |
| The youngest rocks that have been found on the lunar surface suggest that volcanoes on the Moon | have been inactive for over 3.1 billion years. |
| What is the relationship between the Moon's plane of revolution around Earth and the ecliptic plane on which Earth revolves around the Sun? | The Moon's plane of rotation is tilted by +/- 5 degrees with respect to the ecliptic. |
| The closest point of approach between the Moon and Earth is called | perigee. |
| The phase of the Moon that occurs between its first-quarter and full phases is known as | the waxing gibbous phase. |
| The last-quarter moon will appear on any observer's overhead meridian | at 6 A.M. local solar time. |
| During what season of the year will the full moon be highest in the sky for an observer in the northern United States? | winter |
| Where must the Moon be with respect to Earth when a solar eclipse is taking place? | between Earth and the Sun. |
| The Moon's gravitational attraction affects Earth's oceans by causing | two high and two low tides daily. |
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malrey3
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