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Physical Science 3
Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The most abundant naturally occurring isotope of uranium is | U-238 |
| The breeder reactors use | U-238 |
| High level nuclear wastes are currently stored in | storage pools at the generation site |
| Most U.S. reactors use what as a moderator | water |
| The Chernobyl reactor used what as a moderator | graphite |
| The CANDU reactor uses what as a moderator | heavy water |
| A breeder reactor uses what as a moderator | liquid sodium |
| Alpha particles are _______ than beta particles | more massive |
| Beta particles are _______ than gamma particles | more massive |
| For the same energy level, gamma particles are likely to | penetrate the furthest |
| For the same energy level, alpha particles are most likely to | cause cancer |
| If you have 1 lb. of radioactive waste with a 12 day half life... | 1/4 lb. will be left in 24 days. |
| For equal mass The highest radioactivity occurs from | the shortest half life |
| Illinois generates the most electricity from | nuclear energy |
| U-238 contains | 92 protons and 146 neutrons |
| All uranium isotopes contain | 92 protons |
| The primary fissionable material for current light water reactors is | Uranium-235 |
| In the liquid metal fast breeder reactor, the breeding reaction is: | U-238 + neutron ---- Pu-239 + electrons |
| In the nuclear power reactor fuel cycles, | safeguards against diversion of weapons materials are needed in the fuel reprocessing step. |
| 12 6C6 is more stable than | 14^ 6v C8 |
| In light elements... | an equal number of protons and neutrons is more stable. |
| Uranium is distributed.. | unevenly throughout the world |
| The largest uranium reserves are found in | The United States |
| Isotopes are atoms with nuclei having the.. | same number of protons, but a different number of electrons. |
| A proton is a subatomic particle... | containing one unit of positive charge. It is a constituent of the atomic nucleus. |
| A neutron is... | an electrically neutral subatomic particle |
| A nucleus is the positively charged central region of an atom. It is composed of.. | neutrons and protons and contains nearly all the mass of the atom. |
| An atom consists of a... | dense, positively charged nucleus surrounded by a system of electrons |
| Radioactivity is the... | emission of particles of electromagnetic radiation from unstable atomic nuclei. |
| A photon is... | a quantity of electromagnetic energy |
| A gamma ray is a quantum (photon) of electromagnetic radiation. It is distinguished from other electromagnetic radiation by its.. | energy. The energy limits are loosely defined, but gamma rays typically have photons with energies greater than 100 Kev. |
| An alpha particle is designated as a radioactive particle emitted naturally by several elements such as radium and uranium. It is indistinguishable from the... | nucleus of the helium atom having two protons and two neutrons |
| Beta particles are charged particles emanating from the nuclei of atoms. They are created at the... | time of emission. The negative particle is identical to an electron which orbits the nucleus. The positive particle (positron) is identical to an electron except that it is positively charged |
| All radiation does not have... | equal impact on the body |
| D+T-->HE (17MEV) is easier to obtain... | Break-Even with than D + D --> HE (4 MEV) |
| In the Nuclear process, uranium is concentrated by... | gas conversion, and diffusion of the gas through a membrane |
| The complete nuclear cycle has not been proven by accepted engineering development: | waste disposal has not been worked out. |
| Fission is not the.. | combining of neutrons with uranium to form plutonium. |
| Number 38 | Confinable waste |
| Number 39 | Only a small amount of material is processed |
| Number 40 | The reaction is difficult to sustain (stops with any problem) |
| The two main roles of role of confinement are: | To maintain a critical particle density To maintain a certain temperature. |
| Once Break-Even can be obtained in a reactor for a period of time.. | fusion will not immediately displace other energy forms. |
| Lack of technology to confine the high temperature reactions is the... | primary problem with fission. |
| he seven criteria pollutants are: | 45. Sulfur Oxides (Sox) 46. Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) 47. Paticulates (dust, etc.) 48. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 49. Carbon Monoxide (CO) 50. Ozone 51. Lead (Pb) |
| Methods of reducing acid rain include: | Switching to low sulfur coal, Switching to other low sulfur fuels, Cleaning coal with advanced physical, chemical or biological methods, (dry and wet scrubbing) |
| Methods of reducing acid rain include: (Continued) | Modification of existing boilers, New boiler designs (fluidized bed combustion, converting coal to gas and liquids before burning) |
| Two types of smog are... | Industrial and photochemical |
| Types of Industrial smog are... | particulates and SOX |
| Types of photochemical smog are... | Ozone, NOX, and VOC |
| example of acute reactions to air pollution... | Danora and London episodes |
| Long term effects to ozone exposures would be an example of a... | chronic reaction to air pollution |
| The first rule of avoiding air pollution problem is to... | dilute |
| Air pollution in cities is concentrated by the... | heat island effect |
| A meteorological condition called what can cause smog | an inversion |
| SOX pollution is mainly caused by... | a combustion of coal |
| NOX pollution is the result of... | burning petroleum products |
| Current popular belief is that climate change is driven by... | CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion. |
| Climate has not been stable over the last... | 450,000 years |
| Green house gases adsorb... | long wave electromagnetic energy |
| Green house gases allow... | short wave electromagnetic energy to pass trough them |
| All gases do not absorb IR... | equally |
| LED lights are more efficient than... | CFL's |
| ou should look for energy guide labels on... | appliances |
| Industries can save energy by... | employing cogeneration to supply electricity and heat |
| Variable speed motors are... | more efficient |
| Improving air compressor systems is another way to... | save energy |
| What uses the most energy in a typical house | Space conditioning |
| Other large energy uses in a typical house include: | lighting, water heating and refrigeration |
| Two approaches to confining a fusion reaction are magnetic and inertial. | 87. Tritium must be made in the fusion reactor 88. Magnetic confinement method has come closest to break even |
| Major items in a home energy audit include: | infrared camera survey, door blow test, combustion safety check, and walk through. |
| combustibility of lithium metal... | causes problems in a fast breeder |
| gas cooled reactors circumvents this problem... | The breeding ration is number of 96 . Pu atoms produced per the number of 97. U235 atoms consumed. |
| Two types of enrichment processes are: | diffusion and centrifugation |
| What is a problem for electric cars. | Charge Time |
Created by:
ksmith175
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