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AP Psych Chapter 18
Social Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| attribution theory | suggests that we explain behavior by crediting either the situation or a person's disposition |
| fundamental attribution error | the tendency of observers to overestimate the effect of a person's disposition on their behavior, and discount the effects of the situation |
| attitude | feelings that predispose people to respond to events in a particular way - often based on beliefs |
| foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply with a subsequent larger request |
| cognitive dissonance theory | the theory that we act to reduce discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts conflict |
| conformity | adjusting behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
| normative social influence | influence resulting from pressure to gain or avoid disapproval |
| informational social influence | influence resulting from the willingness to accept others' opinions |
| social facilitation | increased ability to perform simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others |
| social loafing | the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort towards the collective goal than they would if they were individually accountable |
| deindividuation | the loss of self-restraint or awareness in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
| group polarization | the intensification of a group's beliefs after discussion within the group |
| groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when a group's desire for harmony overrides realistic decision-making |
| prejudice | an unjustifiable attitude towards a group and its members |
| stereotype | an overgeneralized belief about a group of people |
| ingroup | people with whom one shares a common identity |
| outgroup | those perceived as outsiders that don't fit in to one's ingroup |
| ingroup bias | the tendency to favor one's own group |
| scapegoat theory | the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
| just-world phenomenon | the tendency of people to believe the world is just and that most people get what they deserve |
| aggression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
| frustration-agression principle | the principle that frustration creates anger, which can be released in aggression |
| conflict | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
| social trap | a situation in which the conflicting parties become caught in mutually-destructive behavior by each pursuing their own interests |
| mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli or people increases liking of them |
| passionate love | an aroused state of intense absorption in another |
| companionate love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those essential to our lives |
| equity | a relationship in which the people involved receive what they put in to sustain it |
| self-disclosure | revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
| altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other people are present |
| social exchange theory | the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process that aims to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| reciprocity norm | an expectation that people will help, and not hurt, those who have helped them |
| social-responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those dependent on them |
| superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
| GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to reduce international tensions |
| norms | social conventions that describe how people ought to behave |
| roles | places individuals occupy in a society |
| self-fulfilling prophecy | a belief or anxious thought that comes true through submission to its perceived inevitability |
| door-in-the-face phenomenon | a strategy in which a bargainer gets someone to acquiesce to a small request after turning down a large one |
Created by:
Kingsclass
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