Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
CH 83
Penicillins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is penicillin very directly toxic? | no it is low in direct toxicity |
| what is the principle adverse effect of penicillin? | allergic rxn |
| what is the structure of penicillin | beta lactam ring |
| what is the mechanism ofa ction of penicillin? | Weakens the cell wall causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture. |
| how does penicillin achieve specific toxicity? | penicillin attacks the cell wall. human cells do not have a cell wall. |
| what bacteria is effected by penicillin? | only bacteria undergoing growth and division |
| is penicillin -static or -cidal? | -cidal |
| what are 3 factors that affect bacterial resistance? | (1) inability of penicillin to reach targets (2) inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes (3) production of penicillin binding proteins that have a low affinity for penicillin |
| what is penicillinase also called? | beta-lactamase |
| what do penicillinases do? | render penicillin inactive |
| list 3 penicillinase-resistant narrow spectrum penicillins: | (1) nafcillin (2) Oxacillin (3) Dicoxacillin |
| list 2 broad spectrum penicillins | Ampicillin and Amoxicillin |
| what are 2 side effects of ampicillin? | rash and diarrhea |
| when amoxycillin and clavulanic are combined they make what? | augmentin (can cause SEVERE GI distress) |
| what bacteria does Penicillin G work against? | Gram positive and some Gram negative |
| how is Penicillin G administered? | IM and IV. NOT oral because it is unstable in the stomach acid. |
| Penicillin IV must be what? | a salt (Penicillin G is a salt) |
| Excretion of Penicillin G | Unchanged in the kidneys |
| if the pt has a history of a mild rxn to penicillin, what might you consider administering? | cephalosporin |
| if the pt has a history of anaphylactic rxn to penicillin what should you avoid administering? | penicillin or cephalosporins |
| what are the 3 types of penicillin allergies (based on time)? | immediate (2-30 minutes), Accelerated (1-72 houres), late (days or weeks later) |
| what is the treatment for a penicillin allergy? | Epi, respiratory support, prevention through skin testing/thorough history |
| what are some drug interactions of penicillin G? | (1) AMINOGLYCOSIDES should NOT be administered in teh same IV because they can be inactivated by penicillin. (2) PROBENECID can delay renal excretion of penicillin thereby prolonging antibacterial effects |
| which penicillin G peaks at around 1 hour? | potassium penicillin G (IM) |
| which penicillin G peaks around 4 hours and then tapers off? | procaine penicillin G (IM) |
| which penicillin doesn't peak? | Benzathine penicillin G (IM) |
| What is the extended-spectrum penicillin we should know? | Ticarcillin (Ticar) |
| what is Ticarcillin (Ticar) good for? | works for infections acquired by the immunosuppressed |
| what are some adverse effects of Ticarcillin (Ticar)? | (1) s/s of sodium overload can develop (watch out for HF pts). (2) promote bleeding |
| what 2 penicillin combination drugs? | Clavulacinic acid, taxopactam |
Created by:
1398660434
Popular Pharmacology sets