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Memory Ch 7
Key Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| encoding | the process of acquiring information and entering it into memory |
| memory code types | acoustic, visual, sematic, kensethetic |
| memory code | mental representation of physical stimuli |
| acoustic encoding | the mental representation of information as a sequence of sound |
| visual encoding | the mental represenation of information as images |
| sematic encoding | the mental represenation of an experience by its general meaning |
| kinesthetic encoding | |
| storage | the process of maintaining information in memory over time |
| storage 2 | second basic memory process |
| retreival | the process of recalling information stored in memory |
| retrieval 2 | third basic memory process |
| recognition | retrieval is aided by clues |
| recall | you have to retrieve memory without much help |
| recognition 2 | easier than recall |
| episodic memory | memory of an event that happend while one was presented |
| episodic memory ex | what you wore yesterday, what you did last summer |
| semantic memory | a type of memory conatining generalized knowledge of the world |
| procedural memory | a type of memory containing information about how to do things |
| procedural memory ex | a gymnast might find it impossible to describe the exact motions in a particular routine |
| explicit memory | the process in which people intentionally try to remember something |
| explicit memory ex | recall episode from your past |
| impicit memory | the unintentional influence of prior experiences |
| implicit memory ex | reading a story the second time - memory would help you read the content more quickly than you do the first time |
| models of memory | levels-of-processing; transfer-appropriate processing; parallel distribution; information processing |
| levels-of-processing model types | maintenance rehearsal; elaborative rehearsal |
| levels-of-processing model | a view stating that how well something is remembered depends on the degree to which incoming information is mentally processed |
| maintenance rehearsal | repeating information over and over to keep it active in short-term memory |
| maintenace rehearsal 2 | remembering information in a short period of time |
| elaborative rehearsal | a memorization method that involves thinking about how new information relates to information already stored in long-term memory |
| elaborative rehearsal ex | instead of trying to remember a new persons name by simply repeating it to yourself, trying thinking aboout how the name is related to something you already know |
| transfer-appropriate processing model | a model of memory tha suggests that a critical determination of memory is how well the retrieval porocess matches the original ecoding process |
| transfer-appropriate processing 2 | retrieval is more improved when we try to recall material in a way that matches how the material was encoded |
| parallel distributed processing | memory models in which new experiences change ones overall knowledge base |
| parallel distributed processing | new experiences ass to and alter our overall knoweledge bases; they are not separate |
| information-processing model 2 | a model of memory in which information is seen as passing through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory |
| sensory memory | a type of memory that holds lard=ge amounts of incoming information very briefly, but long enough to connect one impression to the next |
| sensory register | memory systems tha hold incoming information long enough for it to be processed further |
| sensory register 2 | fleeting, but they last long enough for stimulus identification to begin |
| selective attention | the focusing og mental resources on only part of the stimulus field |
| short-term memory | the maintenance component of working memory, which holds unrehearsed information for a limited time |
| working memory | the part of the memory system that allows us to mentally work with, or manipulate, information being held in short-term |
| working memory terms | manipulation and maintenance |
| manipulation | holding information in short term memory |
| maintenance | working on that information |
| long-term memory | a relatively long-;asting stage of memory whose capacity to store new information is believed to be unlimited |
| immmediate memory span | |
| chunks | makes easier,; grouping information for easier retrieval |
| dual coding theory | suggests that pictures tend to be remembered better than words because pictures are represented |
| Brown-Peterson procedure | a method for determing how long unrehearsed information remains in short-term memory |
| seial position effect types | primacy effect and recency effect |
| serial position effect | where the words are in the list |
| serial curve | shows the chance of recalling words appearing in each position to the list |
| primacy effect | characteristic of memory in which recall of the first two or three items in a list is particular good |
| recency effect | a characteristic of memory in which recall is particulary good for the last few items in a list |
| retieval cues | stimuli that aid the recall or recognition of information stored in memory |
| encoding specificity principle | a principle stating that the ability of a cue is to aid retrieval depends on the degree to which the taps into information that was encoded at the same time of the orginal learning |
| context-dependent memory | memory that can be helped or hindered by similarities or differences between the context it is learned and the context in which it is recalled |
| encoding specificity 2 | retrieval cues are not effected on to the extent that they tap into information that was orginally encoded |
| context dependence 2 | retrieval is most successful when it occurs in the same environment in which the information was orginally learned |
| State dependence | retrieval is most successful when people are in the same psychological state as when they originally learned the information |
| state dependence 2 | memory that is aided or impiled by a persons internal state |
Created by:
jksboom
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