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CTOWN Lecture 7
Social Psychology I
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is person perception? | Process of forming impressions of others |
| Why is person perception sometimes incaccurate? | Biases |
| What effect does Physical Appearance have on impressions? | Physical attractiveness Good looking people judged favourably BUT…no correlation between looks and personality Favourable due to reproductive potential |
| What are Cognitive Schemas? | Cognitive structures that represent previous experience: Social schemas for events, Person schemas |
| What is stereotpying? | Widely held social beliefs that individuals have certain characteristics because they belong to particular groups I. Sex II. Age III. Ethnicity IV. Occupation |
| What is subjectivity in person perception? | Selectively recall details consistent with schemas and stereotypes |
| What is spotlight effect? | Assumption that people are being observed to a greater degree than they are |
| What is the Evolutionary Basis of Person Perception? | Adaptive value of biases in Person Perception. Physical attractiveness – reproductive potential |
| Classify people as...? | In Group or Out Group |
| What are Attributions? | Attributions – inferences drawn about causes of events, others behaviour and own behaviour. Explanations for behaviour |
| What are Internal Attributions? | behaviour is caused by person dispositions; beliefs, feelings, traits |
| What are External Attributions? | behaviour is caused by situational constraints and environmental factors |
| What is the Fundamental Attribution Error? | ii. Ascribe the behaviour of others to internal causes iii. Ascribe one’s own behaviour to external causes |
| What is Defensive Attribution? | Tendency to blame victims for their misfortune,‘just world’ hypothesis i.e. you get what you deserve |
| What is Self-Serving Bias? | Tendency to attribute your success to personal factors, Tendency to attribute your failures to situational factors, Bias gets stronger with passage of time |
| Explain an Individualistic Culture. | More prone to fundamental attribution error (autonomy & responsibility for actions), more prone to self-serving bias (competition & self-esteem – successes due to internal factors; failure to external causes |
| Explain a Collective Culture. | Less prone to fundamental attribution error (interdependence & obedience – behaviour reflects group norms), less prone to self-serving bias (identity defined on basis of group membership – behaviour reflects group norms) |
| What are the key factors in attraction? | Physical attraction, similarity, reciprocity effects, ideals. |
| Explain "secure" infant attachment. | upset when mother leaves |
| Explain "anxious-ambivalent" infant attachment. | anxious when mother is near, protest excessively when mother is absent |
| Explain "anxious-avoidant" infant attachment. | no signs of distress when mother is near or absent |
| Describe "secure" adults. | trusting, fewest divorces, reliable. Greater commitment; greater relationship satisfaction; interdependent; longer relationships (than the other two) |
| Describe "anxious-ambivalent" adults. | preoccupation with love, jealousy, expect rejection. More intense emotional highs/lows; more stressful conflicts; feel more negative about relationship after dealing with conflict |
| Describe "anxious-avodiant" adults. | lack of intimacy and trust. Engage in more casual sex (physical closeness in absence of emotional intimacy) |
| What effect has evolution had on attraction? | Good looking = good genes > high fertility > reproductive potential |
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