Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
neonatal respiratory
diseases of neonate
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This normal part of the fetal circulatory system becomes a congenital defect if it doesn't close at birth. | Patent ductus arteriosus |
| With patent ductus arteriosus, these four physiological changes become problematic | 1) volume overload 2) pressure overload 3) desaturation of blood 4) decreased net cardiac output |
| True or false, PDA may be present as an isolated defect, but never in combination with another congenital cardiac defect. | False |
| PDA is more likely in a premature infant because of..... | Decreased muscle development in the ductus arteriosus. |
| What pharmacological agent may be effective in closing the PDA in a premature infant? | Indomethacin, a prostaglandin inhibitor |
| What pharmacological agent may be effective in closing the PDA in a term infant? | none listed. |
| What hemodynamic results occur with PDA? | Shunt increases the volume of blood causing 1)left ventricular overload 2)elecated left atrial pressure 3)pulmonary edema 4)CHF |
| If an infant in born in Colorado, what congenital disorder might they have? | PDA |
| A continuous murmur is heard in infants with PDA | false |
| CHF is a immediate result of PDA in the term infant. | false, it does not present until weeks later |
| What methods are used to identify PDA? | 1) echocardiography will show size 2) color doppler echocardiography will show the direction of flow across it and also disturbed pulmonary artery flow. |
| What treatment methods are available for PDA? | Indomethacin for larger premature infants. Surgical closure via left thoracotomy. |
| What are contraindications for surgical PDA closure? | If the clamped ductus increases pulmonary artery pressure and decreases systemic pressure, it is an indication of right to left shunt. |
| Describe a PDA. | Patent ductus arteriosus is the failure of closure of this duct allowing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to flow together through the pulmonary and cardic vasculature, and subsequently the systemic vasculature. |
| Describe VSD. | VSD (ventricular septal defect) manifests in the septum that divides the right and left ventricles. There can be one or more, big or little, can be alone or in conjunction with other defects. |
| Ten percent of VSDs cause symptoms, true or false. | true, they are the most common cause of CHF after the second week of life. |
| The infant with a small VSD will be asymptomatic. What happens with a larger defect? | A L to R shunt will develop causing volume and pressure overload of the right ventricle. Sufficient decrease in PVR to become symptomatic by the second week of life, but others by 3 months of age. |
| Symptoms manifest sooner in premature or term babies? | Premature |
| What is the logical result of increased pulmonary blood flow? | 1)the size of the pulmonary arteries and left atrium increase 2) Increased size can cause mechanical obstruction of an airway and atlectasis. 3) low lung compliance results and leads to more resp infections and resp distress. |
| What is the logical result of decreased lung compliance? | The right ventricle has increased pressure load and will fail. |
| A VSD can spontaneously close. | True, small ones can close, large ones can become smaller. Either will lessen symptoms. |
| Clinical manifestations of VSD... | 1)can be confirmed by echocardiography - showing location, number, size. 2)Shows associated defects like PDA, coarctation of the aorta, atrial septal defect, and R ventricular outflow obstruction |
| An infant who has VSD but is asymptomatic needs all but.. | 1) immediate intervention 2) close monitoring 3) review for tetrology of fallot 4) review for septology of fallot 5) medication 6) a dacron patch |
| Describe ASD | Atrial septal defect occurs when the foramen ovale remains open between the atria |
| When shunt occurs with ASD, is it L-to-R or R-to-L? | L-to-R |
| An ostium secondum defect occurs in the same area as a VSD. True or false | False, VSD occurs in the ventricular septum, and OSD occurs high in the atrium. |
| Which are the results of PFO? | 1) increased L atrial pressure 2) volume overload on the right heart 3) regurge from the L ventricle to the R atrium 4) pulmonary congestion 5)blood from sup. vena cava causes arterial desat. |
Created by:
100000348357387
Popular Respiratory Therapy sets