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Kinesiology Exam 3
| Motions at the | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motions at the hip | FLexion, Extention Abduction, adduction internal rot, external rotation |
| Dynamic Stability | Created by muscles |
| Static stability | Joint capsule- covers hip joint in cylindrical fashion from lip of acetabulum to neck. illiofemoral ligament. ANT. Y lig pubofemoral ligament. Medial ischiofemoral ligament. POST Ligamentum teres. inguinal lagament IT band |
| Angle of inclination | Angle between shaft and neck in frontal plane. 125. Coxa Valga- neck-shaft greater than 125. Opening medially Coxa Vara- neck-shaft angle less than 125. Opening laterally |
| Hip vs Shoulder Similarities | Triaxial increased ROM decreased stability labrum holding head in socket convex limb moving on concave surface |
| Hip vs Shoulder differences | Shoulder even more ROM Hip more stability, great dynamic stability, great ligament stability |
| Angle of torsion | Angle between shaft and neck in transverse plane. 12-15. Retroversion- Posterior rot of femoral neck in relation to condyles less than 12 deg anteversion causing toed out gait. |
| Angle of torsion | Anteversion- Ant rot of femoral head in relation to condyles greater than 12 deg causing toed in gait |
| Medial muscles of hip | ADDUCTION: pectineus, add magnus, add longus, add brevus, gracilis |
| Lateral muscles of hip | ABDUCTION: gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae |
| Anterior muscles of hip | FLEXION: iliopsoas, rectus femoris, sartorius |
| Posterior muscles of hip | EXTENTION: gluteus maximus, deep rotators 6, semimembranosis semitendinosus biceps femoris |
| Implications of hip musculature | Tight hip flexors- causes lumbar lordosis, anterior tilt of pelvis Gluteus medius, minimus weakness- unilateral stance posture/gait, greater trochanter promimnence |
| Implications of hip musculature | TIGHT HAMS-cause posterior tilit that pulls lordotic curve away, pinched ant side of vertebrae. SARTORIUS- longest muscle in body, not a prime mover PIRIFORMIS tightness- tight-pinches down on sciatic nerve. |
| Hip pathology | Congential hip dysplasia- upward lsiding of femoral head in acetabulum. caused by shallow acetabulum |
| Hip pathology | Legg-calve perthes disease. avascular necrosis of femoral head. cused by poor blood supply |
| Hip pathology | Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. proximal epiphysis slips from normal position. caused by coxa vera |
| Hip pathology | Osteoarthuritis- dengenration of cartillage. Caused by chronic wear and tear |
| Hip pathology | Fractures- break in bone. Casued by high impact trauma. |
| Hip pathology | IT band syndrome- inflammation of band. Caused by tightness of band, greater trochanter constantly rubbing. |
| Hip pathology | Hamstring strain- tear in any of the hamstring muscles. Caused by sudden contraction or stretch |
| Hip pathology | Hip pointer. Bruise or contrusion to illiac crest. caused by direct force. |
| Bones of knee | Femur Patela Tibia Fibula |
| Genu Valgum | knocked knees. Medial angle opening of above 180 deg |
| Genu Varum | Bowlegs- Large q angle. Lateral side greater than 180 deg |
| Functions of patella | protection, increase lever arm, take pressure of patellar tendon. |
| Patellofemoral joint | increases mechanical advantage by lengthening the moment arm, which allows muscles to have greater angualr force. |
| Ligament functions | ACL- prevents tibia from sliding anteriorly. PCL- prevents tibia slifing posteriorly MCL- prevents valgus, opening of medial side LCL- prevents varum, opening of medial side |
| Meniscus functions | shock absorbtion friction increased stability muscle insertion joint nutrition |
| Quadriceps muscles group | EXTENTION: rectus femoris vastus lateralis vastus medials vastus intermedialis |
| Hamstrings group | KNEE FLEXION: semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris |
| Pes Anserine group | INSERTION. common distal attachment medially Sartorius gracilis semitendinosis |
| Other muscle groups | popliteus gastrocnemius |
| Knee pathology | genu valgum/varus: knock kneed/bow legged. Casued by excessive q angle coxa vara/ coxa valga |
| Knee pathology | patellar tendointis, inflammation of patellar tendon. overuse of quad muscles |
| Knee pathology | Osgood-schlatters disease. pull on traction epiphysis on tibial tuberosity. Caused by overuse of quad muscles |
| knee pathology | patellofemoral pain syndrom. Pain in joint. Caused by Q angle, quad weakness, or tightness, foot pronation |
| Knee pathology | Chondromalacia patella. softening/degeneration of posterior patella. Caused by PFPS |
| Knee Pathology | Bursitis, inflammation of bursa (patellar). Caused by kneeling or acute fall of knee. |
| Aspects of the foot | Forefoot- 5 metatarsals, and phalanges. Midfoot-navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiform bones. Hindfoot- talus and calcaneus |
| Ankle joints/motions | Talocrural joint- talus, fibula, and tibia. Motions-plantar flexion, dorsiflexion. Subtalar joint- talus and calcaneus. Motins- inversion and eversion. Combined motions- Pronation-eversion with dorsiflexion. Supination-inversion with plantar flexion. |
| Ankle joints/motions | Distal tibiofibular joint- Limited motion, fibula will rotate around and spread apart some. doesn't really move |
| Foot arches/functions | Medial longitudinal arch- from calcaneus post to talus, up to three metatarsals. For absorbtion, gait-arch helps propell you forward, and changes in terrain. |
| Foot arches/functions | Lateral longitudinal arch- from calcaneus through cuboid to 4 and 5 metatarsals. For shock absorption, gait, posture, and changes in terrain. |
| Foot arches/functions | Transverse Arch- side to side through 3 cuneiforms to the cuboid. For shock absorption, gait, and changes in terrain. |
| Medial stability ligaments | Deltoid lig- ankle lig complex, prevents eversion |
| Lateral stability ligaments | Lateral ligaments- Anterior talofinular,posterior tibiofibular, and calcaneofibular. All together prevent inversion. |
| Points of contact | 1. bottom of calcaneus 2. Head of 4th metatarsal 3. Head of 1st metatarsal |
| Pathologies | Shin splints- exercise induced pain along the medial edge of tibia. three types- 1. medial tibia stress syndrome 2. thin layer compact bone surrounding gets inflammed 3. stress fractures/microfractures |
| Pathologies | Turf toe-Pain and numbness in toe that gets worse w activity. Caused by forced hyperextension of great toe at MTP joint. Ankle sprains- check for medial malleous for pain as associated fracture. usually happen laterally. |
| Pathologies | Plantar fasciitis- Inflammation, usually starts by calcaneus, increase weight gain, Pain in heel. Achilles tendonitis- inflammation of gastrocnemius-soleus tendon. it stems from tendon down and webs around calcaneus. |
| Intrinsic muscles of hand/foot | F.M. skills, but are not as well developed because we do not use as much intricate things. like writing. |
Created by:
kclark5120
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