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PHM 114
Chapter 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aqueous humor | fluid that lubricates and protects the lens |
| vitreous humor | fluid inside the eye, behind the lens |
| ciliary muscle | holds the lens in place |
| conjuctivia | forms the mucous membranes of the socket that hold the eye in place |
| tympanic membrance | eardrum |
| cerumen | earwax |
| eustachian tube | connects the middle ear to the throat to allow fluid to drain when atmospheric air pressure changes |
| vertigo | a condition or malfunction of these semicircular canals whereby balance is affected and dizziness is problematic |
| glaucoma | condition in which abnormally high intraocular pressure pushes on the optic nerve and damages it. can lead to blindness if it is not treated |
| open angle glaucoma | a slowly progressing, chronic condition managed with medication alone |
| narrow angle glaucoma | an acute condition that comes on quickly and is resolved with surgery followed by drugs |
| opthalmic drops | must remain sterile so that you dont infect the eye. dropper bottle should be kept in clean place. tip of the drop applicator must not touch anything, including your fingers or the eye itself |
| what is an important caution and consideration for glaucoma? | prostaglandin agonists turn the iris brown |
| what is the most common eye infection? | conjuctivitis(pink eye)- inflammation caused by bacteria in the mucous membrane surrounding the eye |
| herpes zoster | virus that causes chickenpox and shingles |
| herpes simplex | virus that causes cold sores |
| how is topical anti infective treatment chosen for the eye? | based on type of infection and suspected organism |
| What is useful for calming inflammation caused by an infection? | opthalmic corticosteroids |
| chronic dry eye | inability to produce sufficient tears and lubrication for the eye. can be side effect of some drugs with anticholinergic effects |
| what are the main drug therapy's for eye allergies? | topical antihistamines, decongestants, mast cell stabilizers, and NSAIDS |
| What does drug therapy for chronic dry eye start with? | normal saline drops or artificial tears |
| retinopathy | refers to destruction of the retina. most common cause is diabetes |
| macular degeneration | associated with increasing age and is painless condition that can go undetected until vision is affected. |
| what is the macular for? | central vision- reading, driving, ect. |
| What do you call it when tissue starts to breakdown within macular area slowly with age? | dry macular degeneration |
| wet macular degeneration | tissue breakdown occurs rapidly from fast blood vessel growth and rupture |
| external ear infection | otitis externa. infection of the ear canal and involves bacteria or fungi that thrive in moist environments such as that found in earwax |
| middle ear infection | otitis media. most common in children. because fluid from middle ear does not drain as well. causing bacteria and viruses |
| ear drops | topical medications effective only for certain infections such as otitis externa |
| what are more likely to come in suspensions rather than solutions? | eardrops. should be skaken. |
| If you have ear tubes which form should you use? | suspensions only |
| earwax removers | used for patients with cerumen impaction. when cerumen builds up, hearing can become impaired and infection can follow |
| ototoxicity | damage to the ear as result of chemical or drug exposure |
| what are colds treated for? | symptom relief. antihistamines, decongestants, cough suppressants, and mucolytics relieve runny nose, stuffy nose, coughing, and chest congestion |
| antihistamines | used to relieve the itching and redness resulting form allergic reactions. cause sedation. |
| which generation of antihistamines cause the most drowsiness? | first. |
| what are the most common side effects of antihistamines? | drowsiness, dry mouth, and urinary retention |
| decongestants | the class of drugs used for sinus congestion and pain caused by common colds, infections, or allergies. reduce sinus tissue swelling and allow for better drainage |
| what are the main cautions and considerations while using decongestants? | can cause rebound swelling and congestion if used longer than 3 days. |
| Which drug sometimes used in decongestants can be used for preparing methamphetamine? | pseudoephedrine |
| expectorants | used when a cough is productive(wet, mucus producing) they are also called mucolytic agents |
| rod cells | responsible for night vision |
| cone cells | responsible for day vision |
| cornea | covers anterior chamber |
| semicircular canals | maintain balance and orientation |
| presbycusis | damage to sensory hairs in inner ear which cause hearing loss |
| pharynx | adams apple |
| larynx | voice box |
| trachea | opening to the lungs |
| Vitamin A | essential for photoreceptor cell growth and regeneration. Deficiency can cause night blindness |
| Echinacea, Zinc, Vitamin C | used to boost immune function and fight off cold and flu |
Created by:
Tara3184
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