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AS psychology terms
What the meaning for the psychology terms are
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Naturalistic observation | Behaviour is studied in a natural situation where everything is left how it is. |
| Controlled observation | Some variables are controlled by the reseacher. reduces the 'naturalness' of behaviour observed. |
| Participant observation | Observer participates in the study. |
| Covert observation | Observing the participants without the participants knowing they are being watched. e.g. One-way mirror |
| Reliability | How consistent the measurement is. |
| Validity | the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. |
| Self report | any test, measure, or survey that relies on the individual's own report of their symptoms, behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, or other psychological variable. |
| Opportunity Sample | The easiest method and participants are selected based on naturally occurring groups. |
| Self-selecting sample | Participants finding out about the study from advertisements. |
| Random sampling | Randomly picking names from the target population |
| Descriptive statistics | Describes and summarises data. e.g. Averages |
| Repeated measures | Test each individual in both conditions comparing their performance in both parts of the experiment |
| Independent groups | You test one group of people in the first condition and a different group of people in the second condition and then compare. |
| Independent variables | Th experimenter manipulates one variables |
| Dependent variables | The effects on behaviour |
| Operationalise | ways in which a researcher is going to measure behaviours |
| Hypothesis | A statement of what is expected from the experiment |
| Null Hypothesis | A statement stating there is no difference or no relationship. |
| Extraneous variables | Any variables other than the independent variables which might affect the dependent variables. |
| Participant variables | Characteristics of individual participants may influence the outcome of a study |
| Demand characteristics | a participant might pick up on some clue or bias from the researcher or the situation that gives the participant and idea of what type of response the researcher is looking for. |
| Lab experiment | Using a lab experiment allows you to have full control over the environment and variables |
| field experiment | An experiment which is done in a real world situation. |
| Correlation | A correlation is a way of measuring the relationship between two variables. |
| Quantitative | numerical type of data that can manipulated and presented in graph form |
| Qualitative | the meanings of and distinctions between things |
Created by:
kiolat
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