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GCSE 3. Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tourism | This service industry is used by many LEDCs to develop their economies |
| Aid | Money or assistance given by MEDCs to improve living standards in LEDCs |
| Apporopriate technology | Cheap, easily maintained technology which does not increase dependence on MEDCs for fuel or parts |
| Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) | Charities which depend on voluntary contributions. This aid is generally spent on small scale community projects |
| 'Bottom Up' | Small scale community projects which involve local people in the decision making |
| Bilateral aid | Aid given from one country to another country. Often spent on large scale 'top down' projects such as dams. May lead to debt. |
| Multilateral aid | Aid given via international organisations such as the UN |
| GDP | The Gross Domestic Product is the wealth generated by a country's economy |
| Indicators of Development | Statistics that can be used as a measure of economic or social development. |
| Economic Indicators | Statistics concerned with the money side of life (eg GNP and economy) |
| Social Indicators | Statistics concerned with society, people, eg life expectancy |
| Informal sector | Employment which is not registered with the government for tax purposes (eg. Shoe cleaner). It is often a large sector in LEDCs. |
| Literacy rate | The amount of people who can read and write. |
| HDI | The Human Development Index - method used by the UN measures development by using three indicators... *Purchasing Power (what an amount of money will buy in that country) *Educational attainment (literacy and years in school) *Life expectancy at birth |
| Infant Mortality | The number of babies that die under the age of one per 1000 live births |
| trade blocks | Countries group together to give trade advantages, eg OPEC and EU |
| Manufactured products | These products are often expensive and high value such as cars and computers |
| Primary products | LEDCs tend to sell these products, such as bananas or iron ore, competition leads to low prices |
| Consumer Products | As a country becomes richer, its people can afford more of these products, such as electrical goods from Japan |
| Tariffs | Taxes put on foreign imports to make them more expensive so customers buy home-produced products |
| Exports | Goods sold by a country |
| Imports | Goods bought by a country |
| Trade deficit | When the value of imports is greater (exceeds) the value of imports. This leads to debt. |
| Tourist dollar | The money bought to a country by tourists which can provide cash to exchange |
| Colonies | Many MEDCs used to have LEDC countries in their empires - eg. India was a colony of the UK |
| dependency | Colonies relied on the export of a raw material to the factories in the colonial power. MEDC prevented colony from setting up its own industry |
| Fair Trade | Trade which aims to give a fairer share of the price to the workers involved |
| Protectionism | Where a country puts a tariff or trade barrier on manufactured imports from LEDCs. This helps their own industries but makes it hard for LEDCs |
| debt | LEDCs took out cheap loans in the past, but as interest rates have risen, many owe more than they originally borrowed causing a debt burden. |
Created by:
Rayrayy
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