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(TAMUCC) Psych Ch.15
Psychology Terms (Ch.15)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| behavior whose purpose is to harm another | aggression |
| when people consciously decide to use aggression to achieve their goals | premeditated aggression |
| when people aggress spontaneously without premeditation | impulsive aggression |
| aggression principle: people aggress when their goals are thwarted | frustration |
| behavior by two or more individuals that leads to mutual benefit (law and order game) | cooperation |
| behavior that benefits another without benefiting oneself (Ex: Mother Theresa) | altruism |
| behavior that benefits another with the expectation that those benefits will be returned in the future | reciprocal altruism |
| a collection of two or more people who believe they have something in common | group |
| a positive or negative evaluation of another person based on his or her group membership | prejudice |
| positive or negative behavior toward another person based on his or her group membership | discrimination |
| may be the reason for gender differences in the selection of reproductive and sexual partners | reproductive biology |
| based on situational, physical, and psychological factors | attraction |
| the tendency for liking to increase with the frequency of exposure | mere exposure effect |
| an experience involving affection, trust, and concern for a partner's well-being | companionate love |
| an experience involving feelings of euphoria, intimacy, and intense sexual attraction | passionate love |
| the hypothesis that people remain in relationships only as long as they perceive a favorable ratio of costs to benefits | social exchange |
| a state of affairs in which the cost-benefit ratios of two partners are roughly equal | equity |
| the control of one person's behavior by another | social influence |
| creating situations in which others can achieve more pleasure by doing what we want them to do | hedonic motive |
| learning that occurs when one person observes another person being rewarded or punished | observational learning |
| having others like us, accept us, and approve of us | approval motive |
| a customary standard for behavior that is shared by members of a culture | norms |
| a phenomenon whereby one person's behavior is influenced by another person's behavior because the latter provides info. about what is appropriate | normative influence |
| the norm that people should benefit those who have benefited them | norm of reciprocity |
| a strategy that uses reciprocating concessions to influence behavior | door-in-the-face technique |
| the tendency to do what others do simply because others are doing it | conformity |
| the tendency to do what authorities tell us to do simply because they tell us to do it | obedience |
| we are motivated to be seen as right in the face of others | accuracy motive |
| an enduring positive or negative evaluation of an object or event | attitude |
| an enduring piece of knowledge about an object or event | belief |
| a phenomenon whereby a person's behavior is influenced by another person's behavior because the latter provides information about what is good or true | informational influence |
| a phenomenon that occurs when a person's attitudes or beliefs are influenced by a communication from another person | persuasion |
| a change in attitudes of beliefs that is brought about by appeals to reason | systematic persuasion |
| a change in attitudes or beliefs that is brought about by appeals to habit or emotion | heuristic persuasion |
| a strategy that uses a person's desire for consistency to influence that person's behavior | foot-in-the-door technique |
| an unpleasant state that arises when a person recognizes the inconsistency of his or her actions, attitudes, or beliefs | cognitive dissonance |
| the processes by which people come to understand others | social cognition |
| the process by which people draw inferences about others based on their knowledge of the categories to which others belong | stereotyping |
| a phenomenon that occurs when observers perceive what they expect to perceive | perceptual confirmation |
| a phenomenon whereby observers bring about what they expect to perceive | self-fulfilling prophecy |
| the process of creating a modification to a stereotype, rather than abandoning it altogether, when confronted with evidence that clearly disconfirms that stereotype evidence | sub-typing |
| an inference about the cause of a person's behavior | attribution |
| when we decide that a person's behavior is caused by some temporary aspect of the situation | situational attribution |
| when we decide that a person's behavior is caused by his or her relatively enduring tendency to think, feel, or act in a particular way | dispositional attribution |
| the tendency to make a dispositional attribution even when a person's behavior was caused by the situation | correspondence bias/fundamental attribution error |
| the tendency to make situational attributions for our own behaviors while making dispositional attributions for the identical behavior of others | actor-observer effect |
Created by:
lmarbach
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