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physical 12
chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| element | material made of 1 atom |
| proton | positively charged ion |
| periodic table | chart of elements in order by atomic number |
| atomic symbol | abbreviation for an atom or element |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom |
| neutron | atom with no charge |
| nucleon | proton or neutron |
| atomic nucleus | positively charged center of every atom |
| electron | negatively charged ion |
| isotope | set of atoms with different numbers of neutrons |
| atomic mass | mass of an elements atoms |
| period | hoizontal row in periodic table |
| group | famiyl of elements |
| physical model | representation of an object on some convienant scale |
| conceptualmodel | helps us predict how systems behave |
| atomic spectrum | considered to be an elements "fingerprints" |
| quantum hypotheis | idea that light energy is contained |
| quantum | small packet of ligh energy |
| shell | overlapping atomic orbitals of similar energy levels |
| valence electron | electron located in outermostr occupied shell in an atom |
| radioactivity | unstable atomic nuclei break down and emit radiation |
| alpha particle | nucleus of helium atom |
| beta particle | electron emitted during the decay of nuclei |
| gamma ray | electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive atoms |
| rad | quanity of radiant energy equal to 0.01 |
| rem | unit measuring ability of radiation to harm living tissue |
| strong nuclear force | force of interaction between all nucleons |
| half life | time it takes half the atoms in an isotope to decay |
| transmutation | conversion of an atomic nucleus of one element into an atomic nucleus of another element |
| nuclear fission | splitting ofthe nucleus of a heavy atom |
| chain reaction | products of one reaction event stimulate further reaction events |
| nuclear fusion | combination of the nuclei of light atoms to form heavier nuclei |
| thermonuclear fusion | nuclear fusion produced by hightemp |
| basic research | research of how the natural world operates |
| applied research | developing applications through basic research |
| molecule | submicroscopic particle consisting of a group of atoms |
| submicroscopic | atoms and molecules so small we cannot observe them with optical microscopes |
| physical change | substance charges a physical property without transforming |
| physical property | physical attribute of a substance |
| chemical property | ability of a substance to undergo a change |
| chemical bond | attraction that holds two atoms together |
| chemical change | change in atoms being rerranged into one or more new substances |
| chemical reaction | synonymous with chemical change |
| elemental formula | notation that uses the atomic symbol to denote how atoms are bonded together |
| compund | atoms of different elements are bonded to one another |
| chemical formula | notation used to indicate the composition of a compund |
Created by:
blaineyork
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