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CA Schooling
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| education | form of socialization, learn from environment |
| apprenticeships | some cultures have this, not common until older, learn skills, some start in childhood |
| motivation | formal vs. informal, the gap between when use |
| social relation | different teachers, relatives as apprentices |
| social organization | how many students |
| medium of instruction | one on one, alone work, oral instruction, hands on, written |
| main focus of education | reading and math |
| bottom up processing | phonics approach, teach to soud out words, little comprehension |
| top-down processing | whole language approach, expose as whole, reade story, gain understanding, inspire them to seek out skills |
| combination of learning | practice, reasoning, effective strategies |
| comprehension | drilling vs. number sense |
| research in math | German and Asians score high, Brazil can pass if worded correctly |
| small class size | 13- 17, have high acheivement |
| regular with 1 teacher | 22-25 |
| standard classroom | traditional and constructivists |
| alternatives | reciprocal teaching, realistic mathematics education |
| traditional | teacher = authority child= passive learner, listen |
| constructivists | teacher= guide, some authority, explain further student= active learner, role in own education |
| realistic mathematics education | use meaningful activities, support basics, employ models, emphasize reasoning |
| Boalar (2001) | traditional vs. realistic, traditional better at procedure, realistic better at applications |
| cognitive consequences of schooling | cutoff strategies, schooled vs. nonschooled children, second-generation of schooling |
| cut off strategies | child must be certain age by certain date, similar patterns in results |
| schooled v. non schooled children | logical thinking, memory, metacognitions |
| logical thinking | research not clear on concrete operational thinking, inconclusive results |
| memory | performance increases when the child is given the opportunity to attend school, capacity didn't increase, |
| metacognition | increase in ability to reflect on and talk about own thought processes when schooled, explain steps take |
| 2nd generation mother affects | infant mortality, health during childhood, and academic achievement |
| IQ | good predictor of academic achievement |
| high achieving nations | Japan, Taiwan, Korea, spend more time in school for about 8 hrs per day, go to school more than 50 days more than here |
| learning disabilities | normal IQ but low on subscales, dyslexia normal IQ but some low verbal skills |