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c10-14 terms
pht 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gastrointestinal (GI) tract | a continuous tube that begins in the mouth and extends through the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine to end at the anus |
| GI transit time | the time it takes for material to pass from one end of the GI tract to the other |
| parasite | an organism that feeds off another organism, such as a human, referred to as its host |
| chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) | an area below the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain that can trigger nausea and vomiting when certain signals are received |
| emeis | vomiting |
| vertigo | the sensation of the room spinning when one gets up or changes positions |
| antiemetic | a drug that inhibits impulses that cause vomiting from going to the stomach |
| obesity | a state in which an individual’s total body weight includes greater quantities of fat than is considered normal |
| morbid obesity | a state in which an individual’s weight is two or more times the ideal body weight (IBW) |
| body mass index (BMI) | a guide to use in determining whether to initiate pharmacologic treatment for obesity; calculated by dividing the patient’s weight (kg) by the patient’s height (m) squared (kg/m2) |
| host | the animal on which a parasite feeds |
| vector | an animal that transfers a parasite to a host |
| malaria | an infectious febrile disease caused by the protozoan Plasmodium and transmitted by |
| hepatitis | a liver disease that causes inflammation, can be acute or chronic, and has forms A through G |
| hepatitis A | a viral form of hepatitis that is usually mild and transient and can be spread from one person to another |
| hepatitis B | the most dangerous form of hepatitis, accompanied by jaundice and easily spread from one person to another |
| hepatitis C | an infection of the liver disease that cannot be spread from one person to another by contact; most commonly transmitted by blood transfusions or illicit drug use |
| stress incontinence | urine leakage during physical movements |
| urinary tract infection (UTI) | an infection caused by bacteria, usually E. coli, that enter via the urethra and progress up the urinary tract |
| arrhythmia | any variation from the normal heartbeat |
| tachycardia | excessively fast heart rate |
| membrane-stabilizing agent | a Class I antiarrhythmic drug that slows the movement of ions into cardiac cells, thus reducing the action potential and dampening abnormal rhythms and heartbeats |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | a condition in which the heart can no longer pump adequate blood to the body’s tissues |
| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart due to overwork from overstimulation |
| myocardial hypertrophy | thickening of the heart muscle in response to overstimulation |
| myocardial Infarction (MI) | a heart attack; occurs when a region of the heart muscle is deprived of oxygen |
| stroke | the result of an event (finite, ongoing, protracted occurrences) that interrupts oxygen supply to an area of the brain |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | temporary neurologic change that occurs when part of the brain lacks sufficient blood supply over a brief period of time |
| reversible ischemic neurologic deficit (RIND) | a neurologic change, caused by a temporary storage of oxygen, that reverses spontaneously but less rapidly than a TIA |
| ischemic stroke | a cerebral infarction, in which a region of the brain is damaged by being deprived of oxygen |
| acetylcholine (ACh) | a neurotransmitter that binds to ACh receptors on the membranes of muscle cells, beginning process that ultimately results in muscle contraction |
| muscle relaxant | a drug that reduces or prevents skeletal muscle contraction |
| muscle spasticity | a condition in which muscle fibers are in a state of involuntary, continuous contraction that causes pain |
| antipyretic | fever reducing |
| salicylism | mild salicylate intoxication characterized by ringing in the ears, dizziness, headache, and Reye syndrome |
| Reye syndrome | a condition that can develop in children who have been exposed to chicken pox or other viral infections and are given aspirin |
| endocrine system | glands and other structures that elaborate internal secretions, called hormones, that are released directly into the circulatory system |
| target | a cell, tissue, or organ that is affected by a particular hormone |
| feedback mechanism | the return of some of the output of a system as input so as to exert some control on the process |
| chancre | small, usually painless, highly infectious ulcer; the primary lesion of syphilis |
| osteoclast | a cell that resorbs bone |
| osteoblast | a cell that forms bone |
| osteoporosis | the condition of reduced bone mineral density, disrupted microarchitecture of bone structure, and increased likelihood of fracture |
| growth hormone | a fundamental hormone that affects metabolism, skeletal growth, and somatic growth |
| growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) | a neuropeptide secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary |
| A/B rated | a system that compares the equivalency of one drug to that of another, especially brand to generic |
| acute renal failure | rapid reduction in kidney function resulting in accumulation of nitrogen and other wastes |
| Addison's disease | a life-threatening deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids that is treated with the daily administration of corticosteroid |
| afterload | arterial impedance, or the force against which cardiac muscle shortens; along with preload and contractility, determines cardiac output |
| anabolic treatment | muscle building |
| analgesic | pain relieving |
| androgens | hormones produced in males in the testes and in females in the ovaries |
| angina pectoris | spasmodic or suffocating chest pain caused by an imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen demand |
| anticoagulants | a class of drugs that prevent clot formation by affecting clotting factors |
| antiplatelets | a class of drugs that reduce the risk of clot formation by inhibiting platelet aggregation |
| arrhythmia | any variation from the normal heartbeat |
Created by:
cindya
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