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Leach PSY chapter 13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motive | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
| need | the bioligical or psychological requirements for the well-being of an organism |
| drives | conditions of arousal or tension within an organism that motivate the organism |
| instincts | complex, unlearned behaviors that are present throughout a species |
| homeostasis | an internal balance or equilibrium that is achieved through adjustments of the nervous system |
| self-actualization | according to Maslow, the self motivated striving to reach one's potential |
| obese | a condition characterized by excessive body fat |
| stimulus motives | desires for increased stimulation |
| sensory deprivation | a state in which there is little or no sensory stimulation |
| achievement motivation | the desire to persevere with work and to avoid distraction in order to reach personal goals |
| performance goals | achievements motivated by a concrete, external reward |
| learning goals | achievements that are motivated by the desire to enhance one's knowledge and skills |
| extrinsic rewards | something external given in response to the attainment of a goal, such as good grades |
| intrinsic rewards | internal rewards, such as self satisfaction, that are given in response to the attainment of a goal |
| cognitive consistency | the state in which a person's thoughts and behaviors match his or her beliefs and the expectations of others |
| balance theory | the view that people have a need to organize their perceptions, opinions, and beliefs in a manner that is in harmony with those of the people around them |
| imbalance | a state in which people who have strong feelings about each other disagree on a major issue |
| nonbalance | in balance theory, a condition in which people who dislike each other or have no feeling for each other feel indifferent if they disagree |
| cognitive-dissonance theory | the theory that suggests that people make attitudinal changes to reduce the tension that occurs when their thoughts and attitudes are inconsistent with their actions |
| affiliation | the desire to join with others and to be a part of something larger than oneself |
| emotions | states of feeling that involve physical arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience |
| opponent-process theory | according to Solomon, the idea that an intense emotion often is followed by its opposite |
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CoachLeach
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