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Chapter 11 m and e
Motivation
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| motivation | the influence that accounts for the initiation, direction, intensity, and peristance pf behavior |
| motivation 2 | this concept helps psychologist accomplish what Albert Einsteun onces call the whole purpose of science: to discover unity in diversity |
| motive | a reason or purpose for behavior |
| instinct theory | a view that explains human behavior as motivated by autpmatic, involuntary, and unlearned responses |
| motivation 3 | scientist think of this as something that uus used to explain the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral response |
| instincts | innate, automatic dispostitions towards responding in a particular way when confronted with a specific stimulus |
| fixed-action patterns | they are unlearned, genetically coded responses to specific "releaser" stimuli |
| evolutionary psychologist | help account for the fact that women tend to prefer men who display athleticism and facial symmetry |
| alturism | |
| drive reductuion theory | a theory of motivation stating that motivation arises from imbalances in response to change |
| homeostasis | the tendence for organisms to keep their physiological systems at a steady level by constantly adjusting themeselves in respinse to change |
| drive | psychological state of arousal created by an imbalance in homeostasis that promps the orgamism to take action to restore balance and reduce drive |
| drive types | primary drives, secondary drives |
| primary drives | drives that arise from a basic biological needs |
| secondary drives | stimuli that acquire the motivational properties of primary drives through classical conditioning or others learning mechanisms |
| arousal | a general level of activation that is reflected in several physiological systems |
| arousal theories | theories of motivation that stating that people are motivated to behave in ways that maintain what is, for them, an optimal level arousal |
| incentive theory | a theory of motivation stating that behavior is directed toward attaining desirable stimuli and avoiding unwanted stimuli |
| intcentive theory types | wanting, liking |
| wanting | the process of being attracted to stimuli |
| liking | is the immediate evaluation of how pleasurable a stimuli is |
| hunger | the general state of wanting to eat |
| satiety | the condition of no longer wanting to eat |
| satiety factors | the short term signals |
| leptin | long-term regulation of fat stores invloves this hormone |
| lateral hypothalamus | contains networks that stimulate eating |
| ventromedial hypothalamus | tells an animal there is no need to eat |
| paraventricular nucleus | in the hypothalamus; result in reduced food intake |
| obesity | a condition in a which a person is severely overweight, as measured by a body-mass index greater than 30 |
| Body Mass Index | determined by dividing a person's weight in kilograms by a square of the persons height in meters |
| anorexia nervosa | an eating disorder characterized by self-starvation and dramatic weight loss |
| anorexia nervosa examples | self-starvation, self-induced vomiting, and laxative use that results in wieght loss to below 85 percent if normal |
| anorexia 2 | causes serious, often irreversible physical damage, including reduction in bone density tha enhances the risk of fractures |
| anorexia 3 | 95% found in women |
| bulimia nervosa | an eating disorder that involves eating massive amounts of food and then eliminating the food by self-induced vomiting or the use of strong laxatives |
| bulimia nervosa 2 | usually found in women in the desire to be slender |
| anorexia 4 | drugs, hospitalization, and psychotherapy are all used to treat |
| bulimia nervosa 3 | the person sees what the are doing as a problamatic habit, but what they are doing is not lofe threatening |
| sexual scripts | pattern of behavior that lead to sex |
| sexual responses cycle | the pattern of physiological arousal during and after sexual activity |
| sexual dysfunction | problems with sex that involves sexual motivation, arousal, or orgasmic response |
| achievement motivation types | extrinisic and intrinsic |
| extrinistic motivation | desire fo r external rewards such has money |
| intrinsic motivation | a desire to attain internal satisfaction satisfaction |
| workplace achievement | |
| Maslow hierarachy of needs | biological, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-acualization |
| approach-approach conflicts | when a person must choose only one of two desirable activities |
| approach-approach example | going with a friend to a movie or to a party |
| avoidance-avoidance conflict | arises when a person must pick one of two undesirable alternatives |
| avoidance-avoidance example | some forced to sell the house or to declare bankruptcy faces |
| approach-avoidance example | of someone you cant stand had tickets to your favorite groups sold-out concert and invited you to come along, what would you do |
| approach-avoidance conflict | single event or activity has both attractive and unattractive features |
| multiple approach-avoidance conflict | two ore more alternatives each have both positive and negative features |
| opponent-process theory | baseed on that any reaction to a stimulus is followed by an opposite reaction |
| opponent-process theory 2 | after repeated exposure to the same stimulus, the initial reaction weakens, and the opponent process becomes quicker and stronger |
| opponent-process theory 3 | has releaved a predictable pattern of emotional changes that help explain some people's motivation to repeatedly engage in arousal but fearsome activites |
Created by:
jksboom
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