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Chapter 6
Understanding Sudents with Communication Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| speech disorder | difficulty producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech |
| language disorder | difficulty receiving, understanding, or formulating ideas and information |
| receptive language disorder | difficulty receiving o understanding information |
| expressive language disorder | difficulty formulating ideas and information |
| cleft palate or lip | condition which a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or the upper lip |
| dialect | language variation that a group of individuals uses and that reflects shared regional, social, or cultural factors |
| speech | oral expression of language |
| language | structured, shared, rule-governed, symbolic system for communicating |
| phonology | use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words called phonemes |
| morphology | system that governs the structure of words |
| morpheme | syllable addition bill is one morpheme but bill's is two |
| syntax | rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences |
| semantics | meaning of what is expressed |
| pragmatics | use of communication in contexts |
| social interaction theories | communication skills are learned through social interactions |
| articulation | speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds |
| substitutions | child substitutes /d/ for the voiced /th/ common in young kids |
| omission | child leaves a phoneme out of a word |
| additions | students place a vowel between two consonants, converting tree into tahree |
| distortions | modifications of the production of a phoneme in a word |
| apraxia | motor speech disorder that affects the way in which a student plans to produce speech |
| pitch | affected by the tension and size of the vocal folds, the health of the larynx, and the location of the larynx |
| duration | length of time any speech sound requires |
| intensity | based on the perception of the listener and is determined by the air pressure coming from the lungs through the vocal folds |
| resonance | quality of someone's voice, determined by the way in which the tone coming from the vocal folds is modified by the spaces of the throat, mouth, and nose. |
| hypernasality | air is allowed to pass through the nasal cavity on sounds other than m , n, and ng |
| hyponasality | air cannot pass through the nose and comes through the mouth instead |
| fluency | rate and rhythm of speaking |
| specific language impairment | not related to any physical or intellectual disability |
| phonology characteristics | may be unable to discriminate differences in speech sounds or sound segments that signify differences in words |
| morphology characteristics | difficulties using the structure of words to get or give information |
| syntax characteristics | involving word order |
| semantic characteristics | difficulty using words singly or together in sentences |
| pragmatic characteristics | social use of language, problems with communication between speaker and listener |
| organic disorder | caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person |
| functional disorder | no identifiable organic or neurological cause |
| congential disorder | disorder that occurs before birth |
| acquired disorder | disorder that occurs after birth |
| bilingual | uses two languages equally well |
| bidialectal | uses two variations of a language |
| system for augmenting language (SAL) | focuses on augmented input of language |
Created by:
sarapatrick007
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