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Cognitive Psychology
Memory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Memory | Memory is an organism's ability to store, retain, and recall information and experiences |
| How does memory work? | Something triggers the flashbacks on a subconscious level. |
| What triggers a memory? | Surrounding People Activity Smells Emotion |
| Where are memories seen? | Through the eyes |
| What are the different types of memory? | Sensory Memroy (SM) Short Term Mmeory (STM) Long Term Memory (LTM) |
| What does duration mean? | How long information is retained. |
| What does capacity mean? | How much information can be stored |
| What does encoding mean? | How the memory trace is coded (e.g. accoustically, visually etc.) |
| What is the duration of Sensory memory? | Milliseconds |
| What is the capacity of Sensory memory? | N/A |
| What is encoded for Sensory memory? | N/A |
| What is the duration of short term memory? | A few seconds |
| What is the capacity of short term memory? | 7 items, +/- 2 |
| What is encoded for short term memory? | Acoustic or Visual |
| What is the duration of long term memory? | 2 minutes to 100 years |
| What is the capacity of long term memory? | Unlimited |
| What is the encodng for long term memory? | Semantic |
| What does semantic mean? | Encoding by meaning |
| Who researched into the duration of Short term memory? | Peterson and Peterson, 1959 |
| What did Peterson and Peterson's research involve? | Laboratory experiment Gave participants nonsense trigrams, interference task to prevent going into short term memory |
| Results of Petersons and Peterson | After 3 seconds,80% of trigrams were recalled correctly. After 18 seconds, 10% were recalled correctly |
| Conclusion of the research of Peterson and Peterson | When rehearsal is prevented by ab unterference task, very little information can be recalled after 18 seconds. |
| What did the research of Peterson and Peterson lack? | Ecological Validity |
| Who researched into the duration of LTM? | Bahrick et al 1975 |
| What did Bahrick et al's research involve? | 392 people to recall names of ex-classmates, free recall test, photo recognition |
| Conclusion of duration of LTM | Recognition is better than recall |
| What type of experiment was Bahrick et al? | Field experiment, high in ecological validity |
| Who researched into the capacity of sensory memory? | George Miller 1956, 7 items +/- 2, chunking information |
| Who researched into encoding STM and LTM? | Baddeley 1966 |
| Evaluate Baddeleys experiment | Lacks ecological validity other types of LTM (procedural and episodic) |
Created by:
Sophia_Farrell
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